{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:02:19Z","timestamp":1784797339902,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T18:07:49Z","timestamp":1676398069000},"page":"203-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tenolysis and Salvage Procedures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Cholok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige M.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2014.6.2.196","article-title":"The Incidence of Acute Traumatic Tendon Injuries in the Hand and Wrist: A 10-Year Population-based Study","volume":"6","author":"de Jong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900601400214","article-title":"Functional outcome of the hand following flexor tendon repair at the \u201cno man\u2019s land","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg Hong Kong"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90223-2","article-title":"Results of zone I and zone II flexor tendon repairs in children","volume":"19","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib4","first-page":"181","article-title":"Pediatric flexor tendon injuries: A 10-year outcome analysis","volume":"21","author":"Sikora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Plast Surg J Can Chir Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib5","unstructured":"Bunnell S. Surgery of the Hand. 1st edition.; 1944."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.11.006","article-title":"Complications after flexor tendon repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Dy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418809796","article-title":"Incidence of tenolysis and features of adhesions in the digital flexor tendons after multi-strand repair and early active motion","volume":"44","author":"Moriya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200303000-00025","article-title":"Biologic aspects of flexor tendon laceration and repair","volume":"85","author":"Beredjiklian","year":"2003","journal-title":"` Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731632","article-title":"Tendon: Principles of Healing and Repair","volume":"35","author":"Chartier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib10","first-page":"755","article-title":"Outcome of Surgical Repair and Rehabilitation of Flexor Tendon Injuries in Zone II of the Hand: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"S0363-5023","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(00)00055-3","article-title":"Gliding characteristics of tendon repair in canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res Off Publ Orthop Res Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200402000-00015","article-title":"Digital resistance and tendon strength during the first week after flexor digitorum profundus tendon repair in a canine model in\u00a0vivo","volume":"86","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.12.025","article-title":"The Effect of Epitendinous Suture Technique on Gliding Resistance During Cyclic Motion After Flexor Tendon Repair: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"35","author":"Moriya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.08.025","article-title":"Release of the A4 Pulley to Facilitate Zone II Flexor Tendon Repair","volume":"39","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418773008","article-title":"Recent evolutions in flexor tendon repairs and rehabilitation","volume":"43","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193416646521","article-title":"Clinical results of releasing the entire A2 pulley after flexor tendon repair in zone 2C","volume":"41","author":"Moriya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib17","first-page":"CD012479","article-title":"Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand","volume":"1","author":"Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(77)80025-7","article-title":"Primary flexor tendon repair followed by immediate controlled mobilization","volume":"2","author":"Lister","year":"1977","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681_89_90152-6","article-title":"Early active mobilisation following flexor tendon repair in zone 2","volume":"14","author":"Small","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Edinb Scotl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678108992156","article-title":"The Importance of Controlled Passive Mobilization on Flexor Tendon Healing: A Biomechanical Study","volume":"52","author":"Woo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200607000-00001","article-title":"Complications after treatment of flexor tendon injuries","volume":"14","author":"Lilly","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90064-X","article-title":"Acute flexor tendon sheath infections","volume":"15","author":"Maloon","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199801000-00002","article-title":"The role of antibiotics and timing of repair in flexor tendon injuries of the hand","volume":"40","author":"Stone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(82)80150-0","article-title":"Factors related to the resolution of treated hand infections","volume":"7","author":"Glass","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.06.013","article-title":"Molecular Biology of Flexor Tendon Healing in Relation to Reduction of Tendon Adhesions","volume":"42","author":"Legrand","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090380","article-title":"The Cellular Biology of Flexor Tendon Adhesion Formation","volume":"175","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.18489","article-title":"Intratendinous rupture of a flexor tendon graft many years after staged reconstruction: A report of three cases","volume":"25","author":"Eshman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.1998.0212","article-title":"The aetiology of acute rupture of flexor tendon repairs in zones 1 and 2 of the fingers during early mobilization","volume":"24","author":"Harris","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Edinb Scotl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80145-8","article-title":"Flexor tendon repair in zone 2 followed by early active mobilization","volume":"21","author":"Baktir","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Edinb Scotl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408091570","article-title":"Clinical results of flexor tendon repair in zone II using a six-strand double-loop technique compared with a two-strand technique","volume":"33","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002769","article-title":"Improving Outcomes in Tendon Repair: A Critical Look at the Evidence for Flexor Tendon Repair and Rehabilitation","volume":"138","author":"Khor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib32","article-title":"Primary flexor tendon repair in zones 1 and 2: early passive mobilization versus controlled active motion","volume":"39","author":"Fs","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.03.001","article-title":"Primary Flexor Tendon Repair with Early Active Motion: Experience in Europe","volume":"33","author":"Giesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.04.012","article-title":"Strong Digital Flexor Tendon Repair, Extension-Flexion Test, and Early Active Flexion: Experience in 300 Tendons","volume":"33","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90101-5","article-title":"A\u00a0biomechanical comparison of techniques of flexor tendon repair","volume":"19","author":"Wagner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2014.12.004","article-title":"Management of complications of flexor tendon injuries","volume":"31","author":"Pulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.12.037","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of 2-strand versus multistrand core suture techniques and functional outcome after digital flexor tendon repair","volume":"39","author":"Hardwicke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002113","article-title":"Rupture Rates Between 2-Strand and 4-Strand Flexor Tendon Repairs: Is Less More?","volume":"84","author":"Shaharan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.12.024","article-title":"Flexor tendon repairs in children: Outcomes from a specialist tertiary centre","volume":"68","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.01.003","article-title":"An assessment of the tensile properties and technical difficulties of two- and four-strand flexor tendon repairs","volume":"30","author":"Lawrence","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Br Eur"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.6927","article-title":"A\u00a0biomechanical comparison of multistrand flexor tendon repairs using an in situ testing model","volume":"25","author":"Barrie","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80124-X","article-title":"Two-, four-, and six-strand zone II flexor tendon repairs: an in situ biomechanical comparison using a cadaver model","volume":"23","author":"Thurman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(87)80153-3","article-title":"Ruptured flexor tendon tenorrhaphies in zone II: repair and rehabilitation","volume":"12","author":"Allen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01037-4","article-title":"COMPLICATIONS OF FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES","volume":"10","author":"Taras","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2004.11.005","article-title":"Clinical outcomes associated with flexor tendon repair","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.58B2.777010","article-title":"Factors in the adherence of flexor tendon after repair: an experimental study in the rabbit","volume":"58","author":"Matthews","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(09)91107-8","article-title":"Early tensile properties of healing chicken flexor tendons: early controlled passive motion versus postoperative immobilization","volume":"15","author":"Feehan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002870","article-title":"The Impact of Digital Nerve Injury on the Outcome of Flexor Tendon Tenolysis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study","volume":"87","author":"Diehm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(87)80213-7","article-title":"The effect of immediate constrained digital motion on the strength of flexor tendon repairs in chickens","volume":"12","author":"Hitchcock","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib50","first-page":"79","article-title":"A\u00a0preliminary report in the use of controlled passive motion following flexor tendon repair in zones II and III","volume":"1","author":"DURAN","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80189-3","article-title":"Biomechanical and histologic characteristics of canine flexor tendon repair using early postoperative mobilization","volume":"22","author":"Aoki","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199907000-00010","article-title":"The effect of gap formation at the repair site on the strength and excursion of intrasynovial flexor tendons. An experimental study on the early stages of tendon-healing in dogs","volume":"81","author":"Gelberman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/02844311.1993.12005639","article-title":"Gap formation after flexor tendon repair in zone II. Results with a new controlled motion programme","volume":"27","author":"Silfverski\u00f6ld","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(93)90082-E","article-title":"Tendon excursions after flexor tendon repair in zone. II: Results with a new controlled-motion program","volume":"18","author":"Silfverski\u00f6ld","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.09.007","article-title":"Fibrin glue augmentation for flexor tendon repair increases friction compared with epitendinous suture","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80106-7","article-title":"Effect of peripheral suture depth on strength of tendon repairs","volume":"21","author":"Diao","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib57","first-page":"281","article-title":"Tenolysis rate after zone 2 flexor tendon repairs","volume":"31","author":"Civan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jt Dis Relat Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196749040-00009","article-title":"Tenolysis in the hand and wrist. A clinical evaluation of two hundred and twenty flexor and extensor tenolyses","volume":"49","author":"Fetrow","year":"1967","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(77)80028-2","article-title":"The role of flexor tenolysis in the palm and digits","volume":"2","author":"Whitaker","year":"1977","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2004.11.008","article-title":"Flexor tenolysis","volume":"21","author":"Azari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01338-X","article-title":"Flexor Tenolysis","volume":"1","author":"Strickland","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000237039.71227.11","article-title":"A\u00a0critical look at the evidence for and against elective epinephrine use in the finger","volume":"119","author":"Thomson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318195664c","article-title":"Wide-Awake Flexor Tendon Repair","volume":"123","author":"Lalonde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2018.08.004","article-title":"Wide Awake Secondary Tendon Reconstruction","volume":"35","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(93)90192-I","article-title":"A\u00a0post-operative regime after digital flexor tenolysis. A series of 72 patients","volume":"18","author":"Foucher","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Edinb Scotl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib66","first-page":"198","article-title":"[Outcome of flexor tenolysis after injury in zone 2]","volume":"28","author":"Hahn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir Organ Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Handchir Organ Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mikrochir Peripher Nerven Gefasse Organ V"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000174357.03839.2a","article-title":"Tenolysis after combined digital injuries in zone II","volume":"55","author":"Eggli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90056-7","article-title":"Results of flexor tendon tenolysis after replantation in the hand","volume":"14","author":"Jupiter","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2015.04.002","article-title":"Effectiveness of flexor tenolysis in zone II: A retrospective series of 40 patients at 3 months postoperatively","volume":"34","author":"Breton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.03.042","article-title":"Flexor tendon reconstruction","volume":"35","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153070-00008","article-title":"Flexor-Tendon Grafts in the Fingers and Thumb: A STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING RESULTS IN 1000 CASES","volume":"53","author":"Boyes","year":"1971","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196042080-00007","article-title":"The Treatment of Profundus Division by Free Tendon Graft","volume":"42","author":"Pulvertaft","year":"1960","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(82)80170-6","article-title":"One hundred tendon grafts for isolated flexor digitorum profundus injuries","volume":"7","author":"McClinton","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80015-5","article-title":"Surgical treatment of the divided flexor digitorum profundus tendon in zone 2, delayed more than 6 weeks, by tendon grafting in 50 cases","volume":"21","author":"Sakellarides","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Edinb Scotl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199702000-00008","article-title":"Boundary lubrication between the tendon and the pulley in the finger","volume":"79","author":"Uchiyama","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80126-3","article-title":"Excursion properties of tendon graft sources: interaction between tendon and A2 pulley","volume":"23","author":"Nishida","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.9413","article-title":"Flexor tendon grafting to the hand: an assessment of the intrasynovial donor tendon-A preliminary single-cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Leversedge","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408090118","article-title":"The morbidity of the button-over-nail technique for zone 1 flexor tendon repairs. Should we still be using this technique?","volume":"33","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.24135","article-title":"Bone suture anchors versus the pullout button for repair of distal profundus tendon injuries: a comparison of strength in human cadaveric hands","volume":"26","author":"Brustein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.08.022","article-title":"Flexor tendon grafting using a plantaris tendon with a fragment of attached bone for fixation to the distal phalanx: a preliminary cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Bertelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-008-0391-9","article-title":"Anatomical study of the plantaris tendon: reliability as a tendo-osseous graft","volume":"31","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat SRA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.03.002","article-title":"Current flexor and extensor tendon motion regimens: a summary","volume":"29","author":"Clancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.1999.0319","article-title":"Primary flexor tendon repair in zone 1","volume":"25","author":"Moiemen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Br Eur"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197305000-00008","article-title":"A\u00a0dynamic tenodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint, for use after severance of the profundus alone","volume":"51","author":"Kahn","year":"1973","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.10.009","article-title":"Tenodesis for restoration of distal interphalangeal joint flexion in unrepairable flexor digitorum profundus injuries","volume":"39","author":"Pritsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153050-00001","article-title":"Flexor-tendon reconstruction in severely damaged hands. A two-stage procedure using a silicone-dacron reinforced gliding prosthesis prior to tendon grafting","volume":"53","author":"Hunter","year":"1971","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820080317","article-title":"Sheath formation in response to limited active gliding implants (animals)","volume":"8","author":"Hunter","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456030-00004","article-title":"Vascularization and the Gliding Mechanism of Free Flexor-Tendon Grafts Inserted by the Silicone-Rod Method","volume":"56","author":"Urbaniak","year":"1974","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196951010-00002","article-title":"Two-stage tenoplasty in injury of the flexor tendons of the hand","volume":"51","author":"Paneva-Holevich","year":"1969","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197204000-00014","article-title":"Use of a pedicled tendon transfer with a silicone rod in complicated secondary flexor tendon repairs","volume":"49","author":"Kessler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00268657","article-title":"Two-stage reconstruction of the flexor tendons","volume":"6","author":"Paneva-Holevich","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib92","first-page":"25","article-title":"[Longstanding flexor tendon lesions treated by two-stage tendon graft]","volume":"15","author":"Alnot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Chir Main Memb Superieur Organe Off Soc Chir Main Ann Hand Up Limb Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(03)00146-1","article-title":"Two-stage flexor tendon reconstruction in zone II using a silicone rod and a pedicled intrasynovial graft","volume":"28","author":"Beris","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20101021-10","article-title":"Two-stage flexor tendon reconstruction in zone II using Hunter\u2019s technique","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/03844310310007773","article-title":"Two-stage grafting of digital flexor tendons: a review of 43 patients after 3 to 15 years","volume":"37","author":"Finsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668050-00019","article-title":"Two-stage flexor-tendon reconstruction. Ten-year experience","volume":"68","author":"Wehb\u00e9","year":"1986","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.34319","article-title":"Staged flexor tendon reconstruction fingertip to palm","volume":"27","author":"Coyle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"}],"container-title":["Hand Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749071222000798?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749071222000798?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T03:27:23Z","timestamp":1760066843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749071222000798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749071222000798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tenolysis and Salvage Procedures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hand Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}