{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:57:53Z","timestamp":1793923073116,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL087115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL087115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24HL115354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24HL115354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL145435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL145435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH NHLBI R01 HL 180880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH NHLBI R01 HL 180880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL114626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL114626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HL163294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL163294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhltonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:34:00Z","timestamp":1788190440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Re-evaluating the role of oxygen delivery and radiographs in the definition of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: A Lung Transplant Outcomes Group cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9274-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela R.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gallop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Russell","family":"Localio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3819-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Oyster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Kalman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8393-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Hartwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie D.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Shashaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Ahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauer","family":"Biscotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Mezochow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gasior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Greenland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Benvenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0440-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gundeep","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"McDyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chadi","family":"Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2320-3877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Roe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9283-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Merlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1370-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott M.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.07.021","article-title":"Report of the ISHLT Working Group on primary lung graft dysfunction, part I: definition and grading-A 2016 consensus group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Snell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2022.08.013","article-title":"Contemporary trends in PGD incidence, outcomes, and therapies","volume":"41","author":"Cantu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2004.11.049","article-title":"Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction part II: definition. A consensus statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Christie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05689-w","article-title":"Use of rescue noninvasive ventilation for post-extubation respiratory failure","volume":"29","author":"Grieco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14901","article-title":"Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal oxygen with noninvasive ventilation vs high-flow nasal oxygen alone on reintubation among patients at high risk of extubation failure: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Thille","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202303-0558WS","article-title":"A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"209","author":"Matthay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.02.134","article-title":"Interobserver variability impairs radiologic grading of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation","volume":"158","author":"Schwarz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1606-4","article-title":"Does training improve diagnostic accuracy and inter-rater agreement in applying the Berlin radiographic definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome? A multicenter prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.5.1347","article-title":"Interobserver variability in applying a radiographic definition for ARDS","volume":"116","author":"Rubenfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2697","article-title":"An alternative method of acute lung injury classification for use in observational studies","volume":"138","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.06.019","article-title":"Time to extubation for lung transplant recipients represents a pragmatic end-point to guide the development of prognostic tests","volume":"42","author":"Sage","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2025.09.017","article-title":"Considerations for endpoints in lung transplant clinical trials: an ISHLT consensus statement","volume":"45","author":"Greenland","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1865OC","article-title":"Clinical risk factors for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation","volume":"187","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201104-0728OC","article-title":"Obesity and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group Obesity Study","volume":"184","author":"Lederer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201706-1140OC","article-title":"Quantitative evidence for revising the definition of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplant","volume":"197","author":"Cantu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.05.013","article-title":"Construct validity of the definition of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation","volume":"29","author":"Christie","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X20976311","article-title":"merlin\u2014A unified modeling framework for data analysis and methods development in Stata","volume":"20","author":"Crowther","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01949-6","article-title":"Standardised survival probabilities: a useful and informative tool for reporting regression models for survival data","volume":"127","author":"Syriopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201808-564PS","article-title":"Control of confounding and reporting of results in causal inference studies. Guidance for authors from editors of respiratory, sleep, and critical care journals","volume":"16","author":"Lederer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c1ea43","article-title":"The hazards of hazard ratios","volume":"21","author":"Hernan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1267","article-title":"Why test for proportional hazards?","volume":"323","author":"Stensrud","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202303-0358OC","article-title":"The impact of donor smoking on primary graft dysfunction and mortality after lung transplantation","volume":"209","author":"Diamond","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.11.019","article-title":"Development and validation of primary graft dysfunction predictive algorithm for lung transplant candidates","volume":"43","author":"Diamond","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1480","article-title":"Latent class analysis identifies distinct phenotypes of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation","volume":"144","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051932","article-title":"Elevated plasma angiopoietin-2 levels and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Diamond","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0692OC","article-title":"Variation in PTX3 is associated with primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation","volume":"186","author":"Diamond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2012.05.001","article-title":"A panel of lung injury biomarkers enhances the definition of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112408","article-title":"Bias due to misclassification in the estimation of relative risk","volume":"105","author":"Copeland","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2018.01.1295","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and clinical implications of post-operative delirium in lung transplant recipients","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053249826020693?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053249826020693?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:22:52Z","timestamp":1790281372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053249826020693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1053249826020693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-2498"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-2498","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Re-evaluating the role of oxygen delivery and radiographs in the definition of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: A Lung Transplant Outcomes Group cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healun.2026.08.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}