{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:46:08Z","timestamp":1791823568474,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hearing Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T00:51:25Z","timestamp":1699577485000},"page":"108914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Deficient central mechanisms in tinnitus: Exploring the impact on speech comprehension and executive functions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"440","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1980-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Sommerhalder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Neff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbyn\u011bk","family":"Bure\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Profant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kleinjung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.05.013","article-title":"Neuroanatomical abnormalities in chronic tinnitus in the human brain","volume":"45","author":"Adjamian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020802301142","article-title":"Are individual differences in speech reception related to individual differences in cognitive ability? A survey of twenty experimental studies with normal and hearing-impaired adults","volume":"47","author":"Akeroyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.7874\/kja.2014.18.3.119","article-title":"The effects of unilateral tinnitus on auditory temporal resolution: gaps-in-noise performance","volume":"18","author":"An","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.2.175","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of tinnitus complaints","volume":"127","author":"Andersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0050","first-page":"67","article-title":"Altered top-down cognitive control and auditory processing in tinnitus: evidences from auditory and visual spatial Stroop","volume":"33","author":"Araneda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.029","article-title":"A key role of the prefrontal cortex in the maintenance of chronic tinnitus: an fMRI study using a Stroop task","volume":"17","author":"Araneda","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.16132","article-title":"Pitch and duration pattern sequence tests in 7- to 11-year-old children: results depend on response mode","volume":"30","author":"Balen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Amer. Acad. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.05.022","article-title":"Exploring tinnitus heterogeneity","volume":"260","author":"Beukes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0100","article-title":"Tinnitus prevalence in Europe: a multi-country cross-sectional population study","volume":"12","author":"Biswas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health-Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e138","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000156","article-title":"The gap detection test: can it be used to diagnose tinnitus?","volume":"36","author":"Boyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0120","first-page":"263","article-title":"On the relationship between tinnitus distress","volume":"262","author":"Brueggemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogn. Perform. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00219","article-title":"Speech comprehension and its relation to other auditory parameters in elderly patients with tinnitus","volume":"11","author":"Bure\u0161","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1121\/1.391453","article-title":"Intensity discrimination: a severe departure from weber's law","volume":"76","author":"Carlyon","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2736","article-title":"Hearing loss and tinnitus - are funders and industry listening?","volume":"31","author":"Cederroth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00053","article-title":"Editorial: towards an understanding of tinnitus heterogeneity","volume":"11","author":"Cederroth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315614006","article-title":"A comparison of self-report and audiometric measures of hearing and their associations with functional outcomes in older adults","volume":"28","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aging Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"Associations between subjective tinnitus and cognitive performance: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"24","author":"Clarke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.12.002","article-title":"Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal)","volume":"260","author":"De Ridder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0210","first-page":"125","article-title":"Test of sentence intelligibility in babble noise in persons with normal hearing","volume":"3","author":"Dlouh\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otorinolaringologie a foniatrie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.08.010","article-title":"The neuroscience of tinnitus","volume":"27","author":"Eggermont","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"EL196","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4740462","article-title":"Increased intensity discrimination thresholds in tinnitus subjects with a normal audiogram","volume":"132","author":"Epp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198804","article-title":"Information processing in visual search: a continuous flow conception and experimental results","volume":"25","author":"Eriksen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.09.009","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the tinnitus functional index (tfi): assessment in a uk research volunteer population","volume":"335","author":"Fackrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0260","article-title":"Perception of interrupted speech and text: listener and modality factors","volume":"2","author":"Fogerty","year":"2022","journal-title":"JASA Expr. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.05.011","article-title":"Gap detection deficits in humans with tinnitus as assessed with the acoustic startle paradigm: does tinnitus fill in the gap?","volume":"295","author":"Fournier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0280","first-page":"347","article-title":"Age-group differences in speech identification despite matched audiometrically normal hearing: contributions from auditory temporal processing and cognition","volume":"6","author":"F\u00fcllgrabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0290","first-page":"221","article-title":"Temporal processing evaluation in tinnitus patients: results on analysis of gap in noise and duration pattern test","volume":"25","author":"Gilani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00288","article-title":"Decreased speech-in-noise understanding in young adults with tinnitus","volume":"10","author":"Gilles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1477-0","article-title":"Neuroanatomical and resting state EEG power correlates of central hearing loss in older adults","volume":"223","author":"Giroud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06221-2","article-title":"Assessment of Stroop color word interference test-TBAG form performance in subjects with tinnitus","volume":"278","author":"Gonendik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1962.00740040168015","article-title":"Acoustical characteristics of tinnitus: an analysis","volume":"75","author":"Graham","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.12.002","article-title":"Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: relation to noise exposure but no evidence for cochlear synaptopathy","volume":"344","author":"Guest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0350","first-page":"31","article-title":"Psychological aspects of tinnitus","volume":"3","author":"Hallam","year":"1984","journal-title":"Contrib. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.735950","article-title":"Tinnitus is associated with improved cognitive performance in non-hispanic elderly with hearing loss","volume":"15","author":"Hamza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427109","article-title":"Psychometric functions for gap detection in noise measured from young and aged subjects","volume":"106","author":"He","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.04.043","article-title":"Tinnitus specifically alters the top-down executive control sub-component of attention: evidence from the attention network task","volume":"269","author":"Heeren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0390","article-title":"Recognition of speech of normal-hearing individuals with tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"15","author":"Hennig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arquivos Internacionais de Otorrinolaringologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2003.10.0158","article-title":"Computer-automated tinnitus assessment using patient control of stimulus parameters","volume":"41","author":"Henry","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/03655230600895291","article-title":"New instrumentation for automated tinnitus psychoacoustic assessment","volume":"126","author":"Henry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000096713","article-title":"Relationships among speech perception, self-rated tinnitus loudness and disability in tinnitus patients with normal pure-tone thresholds of hearing","volume":"69","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"ORL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2015.1120890","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children","volume":"55","author":"Humphriss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1583526","article-title":"Psychoacoustic characteristics of tinnitus versus temporal resolution in subjects with normal hearing sensitivity","volume":"21","author":"Ibraheem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00224","article-title":"Impairments of speech comprehension in patients with tinnitus\u2014a review","volume":"9","author":"Ivansic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801268105","article-title":"Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory","volume":"105","author":"Jaeggi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.07.001","article-title":"Speech perception in tinnitus is related to individual distress level - a neurophysiological study","volume":"367","author":"Jagoda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113493","article-title":"On the impairment of executive control of attention in chronic tinnitus: evidence from the attention network test","volume":"414","author":"Jensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2003","article-title":"Neural processing of amplitude-modulated sounds","volume":"84","author":"Joris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_AJA-18-0074","article-title":"Comparison of silent gap in noise cortical auditory evoked potentials in matched tinnitus and no-tinnitus control subjects","volume":"28","author":"Kenneth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Amer. J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.501","article-title":"Tinnitus and cognition: can load theory help us refine our understanding?","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Invest. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3109\/05384916209074042","article-title":"Difference limen for intensity","volume":"1","author":"K\u00f6ning","year":"1962","journal-title":"Int. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66050-6","article-title":"Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement: tinnitus research initiative meeting, regensburg, July 2006","volume":"166","author":"Langguth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70160-1","article-title":"Tinnitus: causes and clinical management","volume":"12","author":"Langguth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.575178","article-title":"Tinnitus and depression","volume":"12","author":"Langguth","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721410370295","article-title":"Attention, distraction, and cognitive control under load","volume":"19","author":"Lavie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68664-1","article-title":"The potential interruptive effect of tinnitus-related distress on attention","volume":"10","author":"Leong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-015-0510-3","article-title":"Dynamics of cochlear synaptopathy after acoustic overexposure","volume":"16","author":"Liberman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00545.x","article-title":"Impulsivity and inhibitory control","volume":"8","author":"Logan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/2050571X.2016.1275098","article-title":"Evaluating test data for the duration pattern test and pitch pattern test","volume":"20","author":"Marshall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Speech Lang. Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.05.009","article-title":"A systematic review of the reporting of tinnitus prevalence and severity","volume":"337","author":"McCormack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31828779f0","article-title":"Tinnitus in a single-sided deaf ear reduces speech reception in the nontinnitus ear","volume":"34","author":"Mertens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0630","first-page":"1","article-title":"Disentangling tinnitus distress and tinnitus presence by means of EEG power analysis","volume":"2014","author":"Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.08.016","article-title":"Differential tinnitus-related neuroplastic alterations of cortical thickness and surface area","volume":"342","author":"Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.10.001","article-title":"The consequences of tinnitus and tinnitus severity on cognition: a review of the behavioural evidence","volume":"332","author":"Mohamad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14260","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5091-14.2015","article-title":"Influence of tinnitus on auditory spectral and temporal resolution and speech perception in tinnitus patients","volume":"35","author":"Moon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1121\/1.405240","article-title":"Detection of temporal gaps in sinusoids by elderly subjects with and without hearing loss","volume":"92","author":"Moore","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0680","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gated auditory speech perception in elderly hearing aid users and elderly normal-hearing individuals: effects of hearing impairment and cognitive capacity","volume":"18","author":"Moradi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00531","article-title":"Gated auditory speech perception: effects of listening conditions and cognitive capacity","volume":"5","author":"Moradi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.10.024","article-title":"The psychology experiment building language (pebl) and pebl test battery","volume":"222","author":"Mueller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0710","first-page":"265","article-title":"Frequency (pitch) and duration pattern tests","volume":"5","author":"Musiek","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Amer. Acad. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2004\/074)","article-title":"Comparison of speech perception in background noise with acceptance of background noise in aided and unaided conditions","author":"Nabelek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05658-4","article-title":"Assessment of auditory working memory in normal hearing adults with tinnitus","volume":"277","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0740","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparing three established methods for tinnitus pitch matching with respect to reliability, matching duration, and subjective satisfaction","volume":"23","author":"Neff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81728-0","article-title":"The impact of tinnitus distress on cognition","volume":"11","author":"Neff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130408300713","article-title":"The relationship of tinnitus, hyperacusis, and hearing loss","volume":"83","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890140029007","article-title":"Development of the tinnitus handicap inventory","volume":"122","author":"Newman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2022.03.003","article-title":"Speech intelligibility deterioration for normal hearing and hearing impaired patients with different types of tinnitus","volume":"139","author":"Niewiarowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986009002129","article-title":"Parametric ancova and the rank transform ancova when the data are conditionally non-normal and heteroscedastic","volume":"9","author":"Olejnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Educ. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1074","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002733","article-title":"Tinnitus affects speech in noise comprehension in individuals with hearing loss","volume":"41","author":"Oosterloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20131","article-title":"N-back working memory paradigm: a meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"25","author":"Owen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.11.010","article-title":"Evidence that hidden hearing loss underlies amplitude modulation encoding deficits in individuals with and without tinnitus","volume":"344","author":"Paul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2149837","article-title":"Effect of age on detection of gaps in speech and nonspeech markers varying in duration and spectral symmetry","volume":"119","author":"Pichora-Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00026","article-title":"Functional age-related changes within the human auditory system studied by audiometric examination","volume":"11","author":"Profant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.553461","article-title":"The influence of aging, hearing, and tinnitus on the morphology of cortical gray matter, amygdala, and hippocampus","volume":"12","author":"Profant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-H-17-0124","article-title":"Explaining discrepancies between the digit triplet speech-in-noise test score and self-reported hearing problems in older adults","volume":"61","author":"Pronk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07023-w","article-title":"Auditory processing in normally hearing individuals with and without tinnitus: assessment with four psychoacoustic tests","volume":"279","author":"Raj-Koziak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/012)","article-title":"Tinnitus and its effect on working memory and attention","volume":"49","author":"Rossiter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-018-1558-y","article-title":"A psychometrics of individual differences in experimental tasks","volume":"26","author":"Rouder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31826dbcc4","article-title":"Evaluation of masking effects on speech perception in patients with unilateral chronic tinnitus using the hearing in noise test","volume":"33","author":"Ryu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1159\/000272939","article-title":"Influence of cochlear function on auditory temporal resolution in tinnitus patients","volume":"15","author":"Sanches","year":"2010","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3109\/00206090009098014","article-title":"Survey of the perceived benefits and shortcomings of a specialist tinnitus clinic","volume":"39","author":"Sanchez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Audiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13452","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011","article-title":"Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: physiological evidence for hidden hearing loss and computational model","volume":"31","author":"Schaette","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.908330","article-title":"Intrinsic noise improves speech recognition in a computational model of the auditory pathway","volume":"16","author":"Schilling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1073149","article-title":"Tinnitus is associated with improved cognitive performance and speech perception\u2013can stochastic resonance explain?","volume":"14","author":"Schilling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1121\/1.408403","article-title":"Gap detection and the precedence effect in young and old adults","volume":"95","author":"Schneider","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"1311","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0970","first-page":"84","article-title":"Proceedings of \u2018tinnitus discovery\u2019: Asia-pacific tinnitus symposium, 11-12 sept 2009, Auckland, New Zealand","volume":"123","author":"Searchfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0980","series-title":"Czech Speech Audiometry","author":"Seeman","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2021.1909760","article-title":"Functional impact of bothersome tinnitus on cognitive test performance","volume":"60","author":"Sherlock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1121\/1.428446","article-title":"Relationships among age-related differences in gap detection and word recognition","volume":"107","author":"Snell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020601102329","article-title":"Severe tinnitus and its effect on selective and divided attention","volume":"46","author":"Stevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2478\/v10053-008-0005-4","article-title":"Conditional accuracy in response interference tasks: evidence from the Eriksen Flanker task and the spatial conflict task","volume":"3","author":"Stins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651","article-title":"Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions","volume":"18","author":"Stroop","year":"1935","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7874\/jao.2018.00409","article-title":"The role of cognitive control in tinnitus and its relation to speech-in-noise performance","volume":"23","author":"Tai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Audiol. Otol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1050","first-page":"1","article-title":"An inverse relationship between gray matter volume and speech-in-noise performance in tinnitus patients with normal hearing sensitivity","volume":"1","author":"Tai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HJ.0000293000.76300.ff","article-title":"Speech-in-noise tests: how and why to include them in your basic test battery","volume":"56","author":"Taylor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hear. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2016.1185168","article-title":"The impact of tinnitus upon cognition in adults: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Tegg-Quinn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01262","article-title":"Cognitive mechanisms in chronic tinnitus: psychological markers of a failure to switch attention","volume":"7","author":"Trevis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.12.006","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological functioning in chronic tinnitus","volume":"60","author":"Trevis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4802.150","article-title":"Difficulties experienced by tinnitus sufferers","volume":"48","author":"Tyler","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Speech Hear. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/03005368309078916","article-title":"Tinnitus pitch: a comparison of three measurement methods","volume":"17","author":"Tyler","year":"1983","journal-title":"British J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0721-5","article-title":"A comparison of methods to combine speed and accuracy measures of performance: a rejoinder on the binning procedure","volume":"49","author":"Vandierendonck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0966-18.2018","article-title":"Top-down and bottom-up regulated auditory phantom perception","volume":"39","author":"Vanneste","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.46323","article-title":"A consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task","volume":"8","author":"Verbruggen","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.07.005","article-title":"Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm","volume":"12","author":"Verbruggen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.2.479","article-title":"Stop-it: windows executable software for the stop-signal paradigm","volume":"40","author":"Verbruggen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)32319-7","article-title":"The characteristics and natural history of tinnitus in Meniere's disease","volume":"13","author":"Vernon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Amer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00293","article-title":"Speech comprehension difficulties in chronic tinnitus and its relation to hyperacusis","volume":"8","author":"Vielsmeier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17048","article-title":"The impact of tinnitus on n-back performance in normal hearing individuals","volume":"30","author":"Waechter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Amer. Acad. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2020.1822550","article-title":"The impact of tinnitus on working memory capacity","volume":"60","author":"Waechter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.09.003","article-title":"High-frequency tinnitus without hearing loss does not mean absence of deafferentation","volume":"222","author":"Weisz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193587","article-title":"Availability of related long-term memory during and after attention focus in working memory","volume":"34","author":"Woltz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.210881","article-title":"Personality captures dissociations of subjective versus objective hearing in noise","volume":"8","author":"W\u00f6stmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914_br1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6007","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0396-20.2020","article-title":"Tinnitus does not interfere with auditory and speech perception","volume":"40","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378595523002265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378595523002265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1759921502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378595523002265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":124,"alternative-id":["S0378595523002265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-5955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-5955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deficient central mechanisms in tinnitus: Exploring the impact on speech comprehension and executive functions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hearing Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108914","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108914"}}