{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:39:09Z","timestamp":1787495949680,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K12727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K12727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K12706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K12706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020964","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020964","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001697","name":"Keio University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K19581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K19581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hearing Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T06:30:28Z","timestamp":1768717828000},"page":"109545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A primate model revealed specific age-related changes in spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"471","author":[{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Ueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0331-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Hosoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie N","family":"Shimanuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00738.2013","article-title":"Contribution of auditory nerve fibers to compound action potential of the auditory nerve","volume":"112","author":"Bourien","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2024.108989","article-title":"The crucial role of diverse animal models to investigate cochlear aging and hearing loss","volume":"445","author":"Castano-Gonzalez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00164.2013","article-title":"Noise-induced cochlear neuropathy is selective for fibers with low spontaneous rates","volume":"110","author":"Furman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399052","article-title":"A cochlear frequency-position function for several species\u201329 years later","volume":"87","author":"Greenwood","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(98)00201-9","article-title":"Age-related changes in the brainstem auditory evoked potentials of the marmoset","volume":"128","author":"Harada","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15341","article-title":"The common marmoset as suitable nonhuman alternative for the analysis of primate cochlear development","volume":"288","author":"Hosoya","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13064-022-00162-8","article-title":"Early development of the cochlea of the common marmoset, a non-human primate model","volume":"17","author":"Hosoya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1229414","article-title":"Distribution of macrophages in the developing cochlea of the common marmoset, a primate model animal","volume":"14","author":"Hosoya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76892-y","article-title":"A primate model animal revealed the inter-species differences and similarities in the subtype specifications of the spiral ganglion neurons","volume":"14","author":"Hosoya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.05.002","article-title":"Temporal bone characterization and cochlear implant feasibility in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)","volume":"290","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24439","article-title":"Pathology and mechanisms of cochlear aging","volume":"98","author":"Keithley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90134-2","article-title":"Spiral ganglion cell density in young and old gerbils","volume":"38","author":"Keithley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.02.009","article-title":"Synaptopathy in the noise-exposed and aging cochlea: primary neural degeneration in acquired sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"330","author":"Kujawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"4551","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0014","first-page":"1239","article-title":"Single-neuron labeling in the cat auditory nerve","volume":"216","author":"Liberman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90105-0","article-title":"Physiology of cochlear efferent and afferent neurons: direct comparisons in the same animal","volume":"34","author":"Liberman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0016","article-title":"Neurosensory development and cell fate determination in the human cochlea","volume":"8","author":"Locher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-011-0283-2","article-title":"Age-related primary cochlear neuronal degeneration in human temporal bones","volume":"12","author":"Makary","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011422","article-title":"Analysis of spontaneous activity of auditory neurones in the spiral ganglion of the guinea-pig cochlea","volume":"258","author":"Manley","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-021-00827-x","article-title":"Evidence for loss of activity in low-spontaneous-rate auditory nerve fibers of older adults","volume":"23","author":"McClaskey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2023114587","article-title":"Diversity matters - extending sound intensity coding by inner hair cells via heterogeneous synapses","volume":"42","author":"Moser","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(88)80007-3","article-title":"Quantification of human spiral ganglion cells by serial section reconstruction and segmental density estimates","volume":"9","author":"Nadol","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.04.003","article-title":"The spiral ganglion: connecting the peripheral and central auditory systems","volume":"278","author":"Nayagam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.02.001","article-title":"Measurement of absolute auditory thresholds in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)","volume":"277","author":"Osmanski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"8 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197808000-00004","article-title":"Ganglion cell populations in normal and pathological human cochleae. Implications for cochlear implantation","volume":"88","author":"Otte","year":"1978","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/33569","article-title":"The Mongolian Gerbil as a model for the analysis of peripheral and central age-dependent hearing loss","author":"Otto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hear. Loss"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2020.09.011","article-title":"Genetic and functional diversity of primary auditory afferents","volume":"18","author":"Petitpr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31580-1","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of the developing mouse inner ear identifies molecular logic of auditory neuron diversification","volume":"13","author":"Petitpre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06033-3","article-title":"Neuronal heterogeneity and stereotyped connectivity in the auditory afferent system","volume":"9","author":"Petitpre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1159\/000500500","article-title":"Critique of pure marmoset","volume":"93","author":"Preuss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.50.1.27","article-title":"Auditory nerve representation of vowels in background noise","volume":"50","author":"Sachs","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2203935119","article-title":"Specification of neuronal subtypes in the spiral ganglion begins prior to birth in the mouse","volume":"119","author":"Sanders","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. u S. a"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13452","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011","article-title":"Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: physiological evidence for hidden hearing loss and computational model","volume":"31","author":"Schaette","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90115-9","article-title":"Spontaneous rates, thresholds and tuning of auditory-nerve fibers in the gerbil: comparisons to cat data","volume":"42","author":"Schmiedt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.4.2799","article-title":"Age-related loss of activity of auditory-nerve fibers","volume":"76","author":"Schmiedt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13686","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1783-13.2013","article-title":"Age-related cochlear synaptopathy: an early-onset contributor to auditory functional decline","volume":"33","author":"Sergeyenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.007","article-title":"Sensory neuron diversity in the inner ear is shaped by activity","volume":"174","author":"Shrestha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217033120","article-title":"Molecular signatures define subtypes of auditory afferents with distinct peripheral projection patterns and physiological properties","volume":"120","author":"Siebald","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. u S. a"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.008","article-title":"Hair cell mechanotransduction regulates spontaneous activity and spiral ganglion subtype specification in the auditory system","volume":"174","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12587","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202936","article-title":"Neural presbycusis at ultra-high frequency in aged common marmosets and rhesus monkeys","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany. NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.04.014","article-title":"Cochlear neuropathy in human presbycusis: confocal analysis of hidden hearing loss in post-mortem tissue","volume":"327","author":"Viana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292676","article-title":"Apical-basal distribution of different subtypes of spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea and the changes during aging","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(90)90120-E","article-title":"Diversity of characteristic frequency rate-intensity functions in guinea pig auditory nerve fibres","volume":"45","author":"Winter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6357","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0937-20.2020","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss is dominated by damage to inner ear sensory cells, not the cellular battery that powers them","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(91)90107-K","article-title":"Recovery from prior stimulation. II: effects upon intensity discrimination","volume":"55","author":"Zeng","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hear. Res."}],"container-title":["Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378595526000213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378595526000213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T02:02:11Z","timestamp":1773972131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378595526000213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0378595526000213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-5955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-5955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A primate model revealed specific age-related changes in spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hearing Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109545","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109545"}}