{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T05:16:46Z","timestamp":1794547006206,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019671","name":"Foundation for Hearing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hearing Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T17:47:39Z","timestamp":1772473659000},"page":"109599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cochlear histopathology in macaques after noise-induced temporary threshold shifts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"474","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3256-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.A.","family":"Mondul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Mackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.N.","family":"Conner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Alek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pitchford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Rausis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Liberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Liberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1743-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.A.","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04852-y","article-title":"Sensory overamplification in layer 5 auditory corticofugal projection neurons following cochlear nerve synaptic damage","volume":"9","author":"Asokan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06777-y","article-title":"Hidden hearing loss selectively impairs neural adaptation to loud sound environments","volume":"9","author":"Bakay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2024.108963","article-title":"How 'hidden hearing loss' noise exposure affects neural coding in the inferior colliculus of rats","volume":"443","author":"Bakay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.30241","article-title":"The presynaptic ribbon maintains vesicle populations at the hair cell afferent fiber synapse","volume":"7","author":"Becker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Royal Statistic. Soc.: Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0006","article-title":"Cross-species experiments reveal widespread cochlear neural damage in normal hearing","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3915-14.2015","article-title":"Individual differences reveal correlates of hidden hearing deficits","volume":"35","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1465216","article-title":"Noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in C57BL\/6 N mice as a function of trauma strength: ribbons are more vulnerable than postsynapses","volume":"18","author":"Blum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7440","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0363-18.2018","article-title":"Enhancement of the medial olivocochlear system prevents hidden hearing loss","volume":"38","author":"Boero","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11811","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000760117","article-title":"Preventing presbycusis in mice with enhanced medial olivocochlear feedback","volume":"117","author":"Boero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1975.tb05893.x","article-title":"Effect of central depressants on the acoustic middle ear reflex in rabbit. A method for quantitative measurements of drug effect on the CNS","volume":"94","author":"Borg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"issue":"Suppl 236","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cellular pattern and nerve supply of the human organ of Corti","author":"Bredberg","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2020.108082","article-title":"Changes in audiometric threshold and frequency selectivity correlate with cochlear histopathology in macaque monkeys with permanent noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"398","author":"Burton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3770","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5132709","article-title":"The use of nonhuman primates in studies of noise injury and treatment","volume":"146","author":"Burton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108766","article-title":"The continued importance of comparative auditory research to modern scientific discovery","volume":"433","author":"Capshaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-011-0306-z","article-title":"Sound-evoked olivocochlear activation in unanesthetized mice","volume":"13","author":"Chambers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001216","article-title":"Both-ear method for the analysis of audiometric data","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/00206098309072783","article-title":"Lateral differences in susceptibility to noise damage","volume":"22","author":"Chung","year":"1983","journal-title":"Audiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199110000-00002","article-title":"Hearing in the elderly- the Framingham cohort, 1983-1985: part II. Prevalence of central auditory processing disorders","volume":"12","author":"Cooper","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398409043045","article-title":"Fusion of stereocilia on inner hair cells in man and in the rabbit, rat and guinea pig","volume":"13","author":"Engstrom","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scand. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.11.051","article-title":"Noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy with and without sensory cell loss","volume":"427","author":"Fernandez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0022","first-page":"12","article-title":"Experience-dependent flexibility in a molecularly diverse central-to-peripheral auditory feedback system","author":"Frank","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00164.2013","article-title":"Noise-induced cochlear neuropathy is selective for fibers with low spontaneous rates","volume":"110","author":"Furman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303299","article-title":"Prevalence of hearing loss by severity in the United States","volume":"106","author":"Goman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399052","article-title":"A cochlear frequency-position function for several species\u201329 years later","volume":"87","author":"Greenwood","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0026","series-title":"Association for Research in Otolaryngology 45th Midwinter Meeting, Virtual","article-title":"Noise-induced and age-related changes in the olivocochlear innervation in mice","author":"Grierson","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2004.01.013","article-title":"Sex differences in distortion product otoacoustic emissions as a function of age in CBA mice","volume":"192","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000240507.83072.e7","article-title":"Olivocochlear efferents: anatomy, physiology, function, and the measurement of efferent effects in humans","volume":"27","author":"Guinan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2017.12.012","article-title":"Olivocochlear efferents: their action, effects, measurement and uses, and the impact of the new conception of cochlear mechanical responses","volume":"362","author":"Guinan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90065-8","article-title":"The quantitative relation between sensory cell loss and hearing thresholds","volume":"38","author":"Hamernik","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2017.11.004","article-title":"Effects of noise overexposure on tone detection in noise in nonhuman primates","volume":"357","author":"Hauser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487609119971","article-title":"Hearing loss and cochlear pathology in monkeys after noise exposure","volume":"81","author":"Hawkins","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76553-w","article-title":"Synaptic migration and reorganization after noise exposure suggests regeneration in a mature mammalian cochlea","volume":"10","author":"Hickman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.684706","article-title":"Cochlear synaptic degeneration and regeneration after noise: effects of age and neuronal subgroup","volume":"15","author":"Hickman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.12.010","article-title":"Translational issues in cochlear synaptopathy","volume":"349","author":"Hickox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3828","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914247117","article-title":"Protection of cochlear synapses from noise-induced excitotoxic trauma by blockade of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors","volume":"117","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280256","article-title":"Biophysical and morphological changes in inner hair cells and their efferent innervation in the ageing mouse cochlea","volume":"599","author":"Jeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4339","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280018","article-title":"Pathophysiological changes in inner hair cell ribbon synapses in the ageing mammalian cochlea","volume":"598","author":"Jeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279795","article-title":"Age-related changes in the biophysical and morphological characteristics of mouse cochlear outer hair cells","volume":"598","author":"Jeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1967.00760040601005","article-title":"A direct approach to cochlear anatomy and pathology in man","volume":"85","author":"Johnsson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000180173.81034.4d","article-title":"Protective effect of isoflurane anesthesia on noise-induced hearing loss in mice","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4434","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2228-18.2019","article-title":"Vesicular glutamatergic transmission in noise-induced loss and repair of cochlear ribbon synapses","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.012","article-title":"Linking anatomical and physiological markers of auditory system degeneration with behavioral hearing assessments in a mouse (Mus musculus) model of age-related hearing loss","volume":"96","author":"Kobrina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14077","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2845-09.2009","article-title":"Adding insult to injury: cochlear nerve degeneration after \"temporary\" noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"29","author":"Kujawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.02.018","article-title":"Human audiometric thresholds do not predict specific cellular damage in the inner ear","volume":"335","author":"Landegger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.007","article-title":"Efferent synapses return to inner hair cells in the aging cochlea","volume":"33","author":"Lauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1772395","article-title":"Chronic excitotoxicity in the guinea pig cochlea induces temporary functional deficits without disrupting otoacoustic emissions","volume":"116","author":"Le Prell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-015-0510-3","article-title":"Dynamics of cochlear synaptopathy after acoustic overexposure","volume":"16","author":"Liberman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.06.002","article-title":"Postnatal maturation of auditory-nerve heterogeneity, as seen in spatial gradients of synapse morphology in the inner hair cell area","volume":"339","author":"Liberman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9560","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3004-18.2019","article-title":"Cochlear efferent innervation is sparse in humans and decreases with age","volume":"39","author":"Liberman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3389-10.2011","article-title":"Opposing gradients of ribbon size and AMPA receptor expression underlie sensitivity differences among cochlear-nerve\/hair-cell synapses","volume":"31","author":"Liberman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90105-0","article-title":"Physiology of cochlear efferent and afferent neurons: direct comparisons in the same animal","volume":"34","author":"Liberman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(84)90025-X","article-title":"Single-neuron labeling and chronic cochlear pathology. III. Stereocilia damage and alterations of threshold tuning curves","volume":"16","author":"Liberman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903010309","article-title":"Afferent and efferent innervation of the cat cochlea: quantitative analysis with light and electron microscopy","volume":"301","author":"Liberman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-011-0277-0","article-title":"Primary neural degeneration in the Guinea pig cochlea after reversible noise-induced threshold shift","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14723","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515228112","article-title":"Unmyelinated type II afferent neurons report cochlear damage","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90021-4","article-title":"Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in a nonhuman primate. II. Cochlear anatomy","volume":"33","author":"Lonsbury-Martin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00197","article-title":"Olivocochlear efferents in animals and humans: from anatomy to clinical relevance","volume":"9","author":"Lopez-Poveda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2020.108156","article-title":"Correlations between cochlear pathophysiology and behavioral measures of temporal and spatial processing in noise exposed macaques","volume":"401","author":"Mackey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0060","article-title":"Persistent impairment of spatial hearing and neural binaural interaction after \u201ctemporary\u201d noise-induced hearing loss","author":"Mackey","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0207-16.2016","article-title":"Type II cochlear ganglion neurons do not drive the olivocochlear reflex: re-examination of the cochlear phenotype in peripherin knock-out mice","volume":"3","author":"Maison","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01183.2006","article-title":"Overexpression of SK2 channels enhances efferent suppression of cochlear responses without enhancing noise resistance","volume":"97","author":"Maison","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-011-0283-2","article-title":"Age-related primary cochlear neuronal degeneration in human temporal bones","volume":"12","author":"Makary","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2924","article-title":"The diverse roles of ribbon synapses in sensory neurotransmission","volume":"11","author":"Matthews","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197609000-00001","article-title":"Human cochlear changes in noise induced hearing loss","volume":"86","author":"McGill","year":"1976","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0171-0","article-title":"The impact of biological sex on the response to noise and otoprotective therapies against acoustic injury in mice","volume":"9","author":"Milon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Sex. Differ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2018","article-title":"Sensory processing at ribbon synapses in the retina and the cochlea","volume":"100","author":"Moser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46859-6","article-title":"Ultrastructure of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy","volume":"13","author":"Moverman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(02)00646-9","article-title":"Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the lateral efferent terminals by sound conditioning","volume":"174","author":"Niu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0383-21.2021","article-title":"Prior acoustic trauma alters type II afferent activity in the mouse cochlea","volume":"8","author":"Nowak","year":"2021","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.111799","article-title":"Female mice lacking GluA3 show early onset of hearing loss, cochlear synaptopathy, and afferent terminal swellings in ambient sound levels","volume":"28","author":"Pal","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51419","article-title":"Bottom-up and top-down neural signatures of disordered multi-talker speech perception in adults with normal hearing","volume":"9","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(78)90008-4","article-title":"Pure tone thresholds for the rhesus monkey","volume":"1","author":"Pfingst","year":"1978","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0074","article-title":"Toward a diagnostic test for hidden hearing loss","volume":"20","author":"Plack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends. Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199806220-00037","article-title":"Excitotoxicity and repair of cochlear synapses after noise-trauma induced hearing loss","volume":"9","author":"Puel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9919977","article-title":"Dose-dependent pattern of cochlear synaptic degeneration in C57BL\/6J mice induced by repeated noise exposure","volume":"2021","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.01.015","article-title":"Cochlear neural degeneration disrupts hearing in background noise by increasing auditory cortex internal noise","volume":"109","author":"Resnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(83)90031-X","article-title":"Functional significance of dendritic swelling after loud sounds in the guinea pig cochlea","volume":"9","author":"Robertson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1108912108","article-title":"Normal hearing is not enough to guarantee robust encoding of suprathreshold features important in everyday communication","volume":"108","author":"Ruggles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S. A"},{"issue":"5486","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/253044a0","article-title":"Effect of absence of cochlear outer hair cells on behavioural auditory threshold","volume":"253","author":"Ryan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13452","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011","article-title":"Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: physiological evidence for hidden hearing loss and computational model","volume":"31","author":"Schaette","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.4.2799","article-title":"Age-related loss of activity of auditory-nerve fibers","volume":"76","author":"Schmiedt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0083","first-page":"147","article-title":"Hearing loss from lesions of the cochlear nerve: an experimental and clinical study","volume":"59","author":"Schuknecht","year":"1955","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13686","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1783-13.2013","article-title":"Age-related cochlear synaptopathy: an early-onset contributor to auditory functional decline","volume":"33","author":"Sergeyenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2018.00059","article-title":"Cochlear synaptopathy changes sound-evoked activity without changing spontaneous discharge in the mouse inferior colliculus","volume":"12","author":"Shaheen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6299","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2878-16.2017","article-title":"Enlargement of ribbons in zebrafish hair cells increases calcium currents but disrupts afferent spontaneous activity and timing of stimulus onset","volume":"37","author":"Sheets","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5335","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9572","article-title":"Analytical methods for correlated data arising from multicenter hearing studies","volume":"41","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1061699","article-title":"Noise induced reversible changes of cochlear ribbon synapses contribute to temporary hearing loss in mice","volume":"135","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081566","article-title":"Ribbon synapse plasticity in the cochleae of Guinea pigs after noise-induced silent damage","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.007","article-title":"Sensory neuron diversity in the inner ear is shaped by activity","volume":"174","author":"Shrestha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212208","article-title":"Estradiol protects against noise-induced hearing loss and modulates auditory physiology in female mice","volume":"22","author":"Shuster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5111870","article-title":"Sex differences in hearing: probing the role of estrogen signaling","volume":"145","author":"Shuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217033120","article-title":"Molecular signatures define subtypes of auditory afferents with distinct peripheral projection patterns and physiological properties","volume":"120","author":"Siebald","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8372-8","article-title":"Noise-induced inner hair cell ribbon loss disturbs central arc mobilization: a novel molecular paradigm for understanding tinnitus","volume":"47","author":"Singer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0095","article-title":"Coding deficits in hidden hearing loss induced by noise: the nature and impacts","volume":"6","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2022.108568","article-title":"Audiologic characterization using clinical physiological measures: normative data from macaque monkeys","volume":"424","author":"Stahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.07.014","article-title":"Synaptic alterations at inner hair cells precede spiral ganglion cell loss in aging C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"221","author":"Stamataki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(79)80004-6","article-title":"Hearing thresholds with outer and inner hair cell loss","volume":"1","author":"Stebbins","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2024.1422330","article-title":"Age-related changes in olivocochlear efferent innervation in gerbils","volume":"16","author":"Steenken","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00342.2021","article-title":"Auditory-nerve responses in mice with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy","volume":"126","author":"Suthakar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00402.2021","article-title":"Noise masking in Cochlear synaptopathy: auditory brainstem response vs. Auditory nerve response in mouse","author":"Suthakar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2017.07.003","article-title":"Noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"353","author":"Valero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.11.005","article-title":"The middle ear muscle reflex in the diagnosis of cochlear neuropathy","volume":"332","author":"Valero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002507","article-title":"Sex-based differences in hearing loss: perspectives from non-clinical research to clinical outcomess","volume":"41","author":"Villavisanis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2315599121","article-title":"Auditory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons regenerate synapses with refined release properties in vitro","volume":"121","author":"Vincent","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s101620020028","article-title":"Dynamics of noise-induced cellular injury and repair in the mouse cochlea","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9528","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6194-11.2012","article-title":"Synaptic transfer from outer hair cells to type II afferent fibers in the rat cochlea","volume":"32","author":"Weisz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E188","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24425","article-title":"Protective effect of dexmedetomidine on noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"124","author":"Wen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912234","article-title":"Effects of electric stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on single auditory-nerve fibers in the cat","volume":"48","author":"Wiederhold","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.57.4.1002","article-title":"Effect of electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on auditory nerve response to tones","volume":"57","author":"Winslow","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2019.01.019","article-title":"Effects of selective auditory-nerve damage on the behavioral audiogram and temporal integration in the budgerigar","volume":"374","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-020-00777-w","article-title":"Acoustic trauma increases ribbon number and size in outer hair cells of the mouse cochlea","volume":"22","author":"Wood","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52419","article-title":"Sound exposure dynamically induces dopamine synthesis in cholinergic LOC efferents for feedback to auditory nerve fibers","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.07.053","article-title":"Primary neural degeneration in the Human cochlea: evidence for hidden hearing loss in the aging ear","volume":"407","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2024.108996","article-title":"Noise-induced synaptic loss and its post-exposure recovery in CBA\/CaJ vs. C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"445","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4439","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3238-20.2021","article-title":"Primary neural degeneration in noise-exposed Human cochleas: correlations with outer hair cell loss and word-discrimination scores","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-017-0616-x","article-title":"Identifying the origin of effects of contralateral noise on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in unanesthetized mice","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2017.1320413","article-title":"Tutorial on biostatistics: statistical analysis for correlated binary eye data","volume":"25","author":"Ying","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.09.017","article-title":"Recent advances in the development and function of type II spiral ganglion neurons in the mammalian inner ear","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."}],"container-title":["Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378595526000754?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378595526000754?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T04:06:15Z","timestamp":1779249975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378595526000754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["S0378595526000754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-5955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-5955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cochlear histopathology in macaques after noise-induced temporary threshold shifts","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hearing Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2026.109599","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109599"}}