{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:27:11Z","timestamp":1784330831673,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007063","name":"University of Delhi, UGC, New Delhi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRCH\/R&D\/2010\u201313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRCH\/R&D\/2010\u201313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012127","name":"Augusta University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012127","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["heliyon.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T13:22:12Z","timestamp":1543584132000},"page":"e00951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Protective effects of Aporosa octandra bark extract against D-galactose induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3668-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siva S.","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel S.","family":"Girgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atish","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0463-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ElSayed M.","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nehmedo G.","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash C.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The biology of aging","volume":"70","author":"Troen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mt. Sinai J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00288-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, and aging","volume":"122","author":"Golden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.06.011","article-title":"Age-related changes in neutral sphingomyelin-specific phospholipase C activity in striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex: implication for sensitivity to stress and inflammation","volume":"47","author":"Crivello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380304","article-title":"Aging, energy, and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"38","author":"Beal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.56.1.1","article-title":"Protein glycation, diabetes, and aging","volume":"56","author":"Ulrich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048894.99865.02","article-title":"Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises","volume":"107","author":"Lakatta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.02.028","article-title":"Marine derived xyloketal derivatives exhibit anti-stress and anti-aging effects through HSF pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"148","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2621.2002.00552.x","article-title":"Anti-oxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Asian vegetables","volume":"37","author":"Kaur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"74","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.09.047","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05657.x","article-title":"Anti-aging and health-promoting constituents derived from traditional oriental herbal remedies: information retrieval using the TradiMed 2000 DB","volume":"928","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00024-6","article-title":"Natural extracts as possible protective agents of brain aging","volume":"23","author":"Bastianetto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib12","first-page":"230","article-title":"Antiaging effect of astragalosides and its mechanism of action","volume":"24","author":"Lei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-009-0442-8","article-title":"Effect of carvedilol on behavioral, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative damage against D-galactose induced senescence in mice","volume":"380","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib14","article-title":"Centella asiatica attenuates D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice","volume":"2011","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimer's Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib15","series-title":"Clinical Chemistry","first-page":"954","author":"Kaplan","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.12.026","article-title":"Soy isoflavones attenuate oxidative stress and improve parameters related to aging and Alzheimer's disease in C57BL\/6J mice treated with D-galactose","volume":"47","author":"Hsieh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(99)00022-6","article-title":"Advanced glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model","volume":"108","author":"Song","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(01)00138-3","article-title":"The role of AGEs in aging: causation or correlation","volume":"36","author":"Baynes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208784139693","article-title":"Possible involvement of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmaceut. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib20","first-page":"193","volume":"vol. 3","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib21","first-page":"140","article-title":"New flavonol diesters from the stem bark of Ficus carica L","volume":"3","author":"Bhat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2007.09.074","article-title":"A simple method for the alkaline hydrolysis of esters","volume":"48","author":"Theodorou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1021\/np50064a028","article-title":"Constituents of high altitude Himalayan herbs, Part III. New alkane hydroxyketones from Tanacetum nubigenum","volume":"52","author":"Khetwal","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-014-0818-y","article-title":"Phytochemical investigation of Tabebuia palmeri","volume":"49","author":"Sakhuja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Comp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R985","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00537.2001","article-title":"Behavioral dysfunction, brain oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial electron transfer in aging mice","volume":"282","author":"Navarro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA46491A","article-title":"Synthesis of 5,10,15,20-meso-unsubstituted and 5,10,15,20-meso-substituted-21,23-ditellura\/diselena core-modified porphyrinogens: oxidation and detection of mercury(II)","volume":"4","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889807029238","article-title":"SUPERFLIP \u2013 a computer program for the solution of crystal structures by charge flipping in arbitrary dimensions","volume":"40","author":"Palatinus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889803021800","article-title":"CRYSTALS version 12: software for guided crystal structure analysis","volume":"36","author":"Betteridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889810025598","article-title":"CRYSTALS enhancements: dealing with hydrogen atoms in refinement","volume":"43","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1107\/S090744490804362X","article-title":"Structure validation in chemical crystallography","volume":"65","author":"Spek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889812029111","article-title":"WinGX and ORTEP for Windows: an update","volume":"45","author":"Farrugia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889807067908","article-title":"Mercury CSD 2.0 \u2013 new features for the visualization and investigation of crystal structures","volume":"41","author":"Macrae","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112950","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA24302A","article-title":"Synthesis, X-ray powder diffraction and DFT calculations of vasorelaxant active 3-(arylmethylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-diones","volume":"6","author":"Shalaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1515\/zkri-2015-1892","article-title":"Molecular structure studies of novel bronchodilatory active 4-azafluorenes","volume":"231","author":"Girgis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Z. f\u00fcr Kristallogr. - Cryst. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s10870-016-0657-8","article-title":"Crystal structure studies and bronchodilation properties of novel benzocycloheptapyridine","volume":"46","author":"Girgis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0990667","article-title":"Mechanism of lipid peroxide formation in animal tissues","volume":"99","author":"Wills","year":"1966","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90479-4","article-title":"Generation of Superoxide radical during auto-oxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for Superoxide dismutase","volume":"186","author":"Kono","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)57021-6","article-title":"Determination of serum proteins by means of Biuret reaction","volume":"177","author":"Gornall","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.10.020","article-title":"Anti-HIV benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera, and structure-activity correlations with related alkaloids","volume":"13","author":"Kashiwada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.07.011","article-title":"Secondary and tertiary isoquinoline alkaloids from Xylopia parviflora","volume":"67","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2009.12.027","article-title":"Dimeric alkaloids and flavonoids from Aristolochia ridicula","volume":"38","author":"Machado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib43","first-page":"867","article-title":"Crystal structure of (3S*,4R*)-4-fluoro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid","volume":"E73","author":"Lehmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib44","first-page":"o100","article-title":"Optically active diaryl tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives","volume":"C67","author":"Naicker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib45","first-page":"o164","article-title":"Three tetrahydroisoquinolinedione derivatives","volume":"C58","author":"Subbiah Pandi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib46","first-page":"607\u2012611","article-title":"Synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and pseudosymmetry in its crystal structure","volume":"C72","author":"Turgunov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20899","article-title":"Chronic systemic D-galactose exposure induces memory loss, neurodegeneration, and oxidative damage in mice: protective effects of R-a-lipoic acid","volume":"84","author":"Cui","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022417102206","article-title":"Establishment of the mimetic aging effect in mice caused by D-galactose","volume":"4","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079x.2002.1o850.x","article-title":"Melatonin reduces memory changes and neural oxidative damage in mice treated with D-galactose","volume":"32","author":"Shen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.10.008","article-title":"Paeonol attenuates neurotoxicity and ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by D-galactose in ICR mice","volume":"277","author":"Zhong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib51","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Improving effects of SSF on memory deficits and pathological changes of neural and immunological systems in senescent mice","volume":"22","author":"Shang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2004.07.003","article-title":"Behavioural study of the D-galactose induced aging model in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"157","author":"Wei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844018348643?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844018348643?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T06:29:03Z","timestamp":1662532143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405844018348643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405844018348643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protective effects of Aporosa octandra bark extract against D-galactose induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00951","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e00951"}}