{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T15:46:37Z","timestamp":1776699997073,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006823","name":"Boston Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T02:13:47Z","timestamp":1566526427000},"page":"e02350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Neonatal functional brain maturation in the context of perioperative critical care and pain management: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Duncan Jack","family":"Hodkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandler Rebecca Lee","family":"Mongerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell William","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dusica","family":"Bajic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901401010","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of benign macrocephaly in children","volume":"14","author":"Alper","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib2","first-page":"398","article-title":"External hydrocephalus in infants","volume":"11","author":"Andersson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Childs Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.010","article-title":"Foker process for the correction of long gap esophageal atresia: primary treatment versus secondary treatment after prior esophageal surgery","volume":"50","author":"Bairdain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib4","first-page":"513","article-title":"Benign idiopathic external hydrocephalus (benign subdural collection) in 39 children: its natural history and relation to familial macrocephaly","volume":"40","author":"Castro-Gago","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000073","article-title":"New imaging approaches to evaluate newborn brain injury and their role in predicting developmental disorders","volume":"27","author":"Counsell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib6","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity differences in premature children","volume":"4","author":"Damaraju","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20015","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007921107","article-title":"Emergence of resting state networks in the preterm human brain","volume":"107","author":"Doria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13507","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705843104","article-title":"Development of distinct control networks through segregation and integration","volume":"104","author":"Fair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2004.10.021","article-title":"A\u00a0flexible approach to achieve a true primary repair for all infants with esophageal atresia","volume":"14","author":"Foker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199710000-00014","article-title":"Development of a true primary repair for the full spectrum of esophageal atresia","volume":"226","author":"Foker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504136102","article-title":"The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks","volume":"102","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31818c8328","article-title":"The Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (WAT-1): an assessment instrument for monitoring opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms in pediatric patients","volume":"9","author":"Franck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.10.003","article-title":"Validity and generalizability of the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (WAT-1) for monitoring iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in pediatric patients","volume":"153","author":"Franck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq071","article-title":"The functional architecture of the infant brain as revealed by resting-state fMRI","volume":"21","author":"Fransson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181b1bd84","article-title":"Spontaneous brain activity in the newborn brain during natural sleep--an fMRI study in infants born at full term","volume":"66","author":"Fransson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704380104","article-title":"Resting-state networks in the infant brain","volume":"104","author":"Fransson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2012.12.003","article-title":"Investigating the possibility and probability of perinatal subdural hematoma progressing to chronic subdural hematoma, with and without complications, in neonates, and its potential relationship to the misdiagnosis of abusive head trauma","volume":"15","author":"Gabaeff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11288","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5072-13.2014","article-title":"Intersubject variability of and genetic effects on the brain's functional connectivity during infancy","volume":"34","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025278","article-title":"Temporal and spatial evolution of brain network topology during the first two years of life","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs043","article-title":"The synchronization within and interaction between the default and dorsal attention networks in early infancy","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib21","series-title":"Functional Connectivity of the Infant Human Brain: Plastic and Modifiable","author":"Gao","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6790","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811221106","article-title":"Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects","volume":"106","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.073","article-title":"Low frequency fluctuations reveal integrated and segregated processing among the cerebral hemispheres","volume":"54","author":"Gee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.09.005","article-title":"The potential of infant fMRI research and the study of early life stress as a promising exemplar","volume":"12","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0135058100","article-title":"Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis","volume":"100","author":"Greicius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.06.002","article-title":"Brain functional network connectivity development in very preterm infants: the first six months","volume":"98","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.08.008","article-title":"Competition between functional brain networks mediates behavioral variability","volume":"39","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00159","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in the infant brain: methods, pitfalls, and potentiality","volume":"5","author":"Mongerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00315","article-title":"Infant brain structural MRI analysis in the context of thoracic noncardiac surgery and critical care","volume":"7","author":"Mongerson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib29","series-title":"Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Nelson","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048","article-title":"Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI","volume":"84","author":"Power","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.08.005","article-title":"fMRI during natural sleep as a method to study brain function during early childhood","volume":"38","author":"Redcay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1004","article-title":"Prevalence and evolution of intracranial hemorrhage in asymptomatic term infants","volume":"29","author":"Rooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9150-x","article-title":"Structural, metabolic, and functional brain abnormalities as a result of prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse: evidence from neuroimaging","volume":"20","author":"Roussotte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.072","article-title":"Abnormal brain activation during working memory in children with prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse: the effects of methamphetamine, alcohol, and polydrug exposure","volume":"54","author":"Roussotte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5860","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4333-14.2015","article-title":"Prenatal drug exposure affects neonatal brain functional connectivity","volume":"35","author":"Salzwedel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23097","article-title":"Blipped-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging for simultaneous multislice echo planar imaging with reduced g-factor penalty","volume":"67","author":"Setsompop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn256","article-title":"The resting brain: unconstrained yet reliable","volume":"19","author":"Shehzad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018746","article-title":"Infant brain atlases from neonates to 1- and 2-year-olds","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq035","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of neural network development in preterm infants","volume":"20","author":"Smyser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2015.01.006","article-title":"Use of resting-state functional MRI to study brain development and injury in neonates","volume":"39","author":"Smyser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu251","article-title":"Resting-state network complexity and magnitude are reduced in prematurely born infants","volume":"26","author":"Smyser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.09.001","article-title":"Age-related increases in long-range connectivity in fetal functional neural connectivity networks in utero","volume":"11","author":"Thomason","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39286","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39286","article-title":"Weak functional connectivity in the human fetal brain prior to preterm birth","volume":"7","author":"Thomason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2010624","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability behavioral tool in assessing acute pain in critically ill patients","volume":"19","author":"Voepel-Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.01.005","article-title":"Dysconnectivity of neurocognitive networks at rest in very-preterm born adults","volume":"4","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S63773","article-title":"Reduced brain resting-state network specificity in infants compared with adults","volume":"10","author":"Wylie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-011-0327-4","article-title":"Benign external hydrocephalus: a review, with emphasis on management","volume":"34","author":"Zahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844019360104?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844019360104?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T10:46:14Z","timestamp":1762512374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405844019360104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405844019360104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neonatal functional brain maturation in the context of perioperative critical care and pain management: A case report","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02350","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e02350"}}