{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:29:24Z","timestamp":1792445364903,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T02:24:50Z","timestamp":1598581490000},"page":"e04796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Schistosomiasis prevention option: toxicological evaluation of Vernonia amygdalina on the tissues of Bulinus truncatus at different pH conditions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"J.C.","family":"Eze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.E.","family":"Nwankwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.S.","family":"Okeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.N.","family":"Onwudiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib1","series-title":"Enzyme Diagnosis in Diseases of the Heart, Liver and Pancreas","first-page":"81","article-title":"Enzyme diagnosis in hepatic disease","author":"Adolph","year":"1981"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.5897\/AJEST12.007","article-title":"Effect of stem-bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perri.) saponin on fresh water snail (Lanisteslybicus) tissues","volume":"6","author":"Akinpelu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Env. Sc. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v4i1.31189","article-title":"Tetrapleuratetraptera: molluscicidal activity and chemical constituents","volume":"4","author":"Aladesanmi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17795\/iji-36075","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in Iran, from the past till elimination","volume":"3","author":"Alavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03179115","article-title":"Acid Phosphatase activity in Indian apple snail Pilaglobosa (Swainson) during aestivation and starvation stress","volume":"88","author":"Aruna","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of processing and preservation methods on vitamin C and total carotenoid levels of some Vernonia (bitter leaf) species","volume":"5","author":"Ejoh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. J. Food Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"Andres V, Featherstone RI. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib8","first-page":"237","article-title":"Henry RP. Acute physiological responses of the freshwater snail Elimia flava (Mollusca: pleuroceridae) to environmental pH and calcium","volume":"150","author":"Ewald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib9","series-title":"Textbook of Medical Physiology","first-page":"85","article-title":"Membrane potentials and action potentials","author":"Guyton","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib10","first-page":"94","article-title":"Histological localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the alimentary tract of the snail Mersacornuareities (L)","volume":"26","author":"Ibrahim","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Zool. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib11","first-page":"65","article-title":"Ross AGP. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis: a current perspective","volume":"2014","author":"Inobaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Trop. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-09","article-title":"Food-borne trematodiases","volume":"22","author":"Keiser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib13","article-title":"Acid rain. National atmospheric deposition program","author":"NADP","year":"2012","journal-title":"NADP Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1076\/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT187","article-title":"Effects of isosaline extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Olax subscorpioides on certain biochemical parameters of albino rats","volume":"38","author":"Olagunju","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1076\/phbi.34.5.365.13249","article-title":"Studies on bioactivity of the root extract of Plumbago zeylanica","volume":"34","author":"Oyedapo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib16","series-title":"Vector Control Methods by Individuals and Communities","author":"Rozendaal","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib17","first-page":"370","article-title":"An essential carboxylic acid group in human prostrate acid phosphatase","volume":"568","author":"Sanni","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(73)90523-X","article-title":"A\u00a0simplified method for the quantitative assay of small amount of protein in biologic material","volume":"51","author":"Shacterk","year":"1973","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib19","first-page":"69","article-title":"Adaptive trend in the tissue acid and alkaline phosphatase of Sarotherodon mossambica (Peter) under saw in toxicity","volume":"35","author":"Shaikila","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian J. Environ. Hlth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib20","first-page":"154","article-title":"Studies on the acid and alkaline phosphatase activity of methyl parathion exposed fish, Channa orientalis (Sch.). Uttar Pradesh","volume":"7","author":"Sherekar","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Zool."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib21","first-page":"123","article-title":"Assessment of the phytochemical constitutuents and in vitro antibacterial activity of Vernonia amygdalina extracts on some clinical isolates","volume":"4","author":"Shuaibu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Chem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01057593","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro studies on synergism with anticholinesterase pesticides in the snail Lymnaea acuminate","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2003.1442.1446","article-title":"Molluscicidal and anticholinesterase activity of Alstonia scholaris plant against fresh water snail Lymnaea acuminate","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bio. Sc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib24","series-title":"Kumar P. Pestiferous Gastropods and Their Control","author":"Singh","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib25","first-page":"17","article-title":"Studies in the shell formation in mollusks","volume":"19","author":"Timmerman","year":"1969","journal-title":"Neth. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib26","series-title":"PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa.) 2004. Retrieved on January 16th, 2019. (PROTA)","article-title":"Vernonia amygdalina delile. (Internet) record from PROTA4U","author":"Uchec","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.12.066","article-title":"Molluscicidal activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Terminalia chebula against the freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata","volume":"83","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.14419\/ijsw.v4i1.5845","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and proximate composition of Vernonia amygdalina","volume":"4","author":"Usunobun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib29","series-title":"pH in Utah Water Quality","author":"Utah State University","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796_bib30","series-title":"The Control of Schistosomiasis. Technical Report No. 728: Geneva, Switzerland","first-page":"59","author":"WHO","year":"1985"}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240584402031639X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240584402031639X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T21:11:56Z","timestamp":1754601116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S240584402031639X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S240584402031639X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Schistosomiasis prevention option: toxicological evaluation of Vernonia amygdalina on the tissues of Bulinus truncatus at different pH conditions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04796","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e04796"}}