{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T23:53:55Z","timestamp":1794614035417,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010849","name":"Wuhan City Health and Family Planning Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WX18C29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WX18C29"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016308","name":"Wuxi Health and Family Planning Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ30516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ30516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010451","name":"Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202204074707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202204074707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T12:23:33Z","timestamp":1706012613000},"page":"e24967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Risk factors of postoperative delirium following spine surgery: A meta-analysis of 50 cohort studies with 1.1 million participants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0693-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilong","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beijun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaigai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juemiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siliang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinshan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6823-7205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zubing","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.71132","article-title":"Assessment of role of perioperative melatonin in prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium after hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia in the elderly","volume":"4","author":"Sultan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.SPINE161244","article-title":"Association between baseline cognitive impairment and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity","volume":"28","author":"Adogwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c423fc","article-title":"Delirium after spinal surgery in Korean population","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-021-00220-5","article-title":"Comparison of restrictive fluid therapy with goal-directed fluid therapy for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perioperat. Med."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b321e6","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in cervical spine surgery","volume":"34","author":"Ushida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2020-0037","article-title":"Efficacy of intervention for prevention of postoperative delirium after spine surgery","volume":"5","author":"Arizumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine surgery and related research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14434","article-title":"Delirium after spine surgery in older adults: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a0d507","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after lumbar spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Fineberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2014.56.1.28","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium after spine surgery in elderly patients","volume":"56","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002872","article-title":"Preoperative age and prognostic nutritional Index are useful factors for evaluating postoperative delirium among patients with adult spinal deformity","volume":"44","author":"Oe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000363","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major spinal surgery: role of cerebral oximetry","volume":"29","author":"Soh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib12","first-page":"S406","article-title":"Parkinson's disease-related non-motor features as risk factors for post-operative delirium in spinal surgery","volume":"33","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0771-1","article-title":"Probable risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing spinal surgery","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J. : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2019.04.09","article-title":"The risk factors associated with delirium after lumbar spine surgery in elderly patients","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quant. Imag. Med. Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003523","article-title":"Brief preoperative screening for frailty and cognitive impairment predicts delirium after spine surgery","volume":"133","author":"Susano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003260","article-title":"Independent association between type of intraoperative blood transfusion and postoperative delirium after complex spinal fusion for adult deformity correction","volume":"45","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5480148","article-title":"Elevated level of serum C-reactive protein predicts postoperative delirium among patients receiving cervical or lumbar surgery","volume":"2020","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib18","first-page":"847","article-title":"[Analysis of risk factors for delirium in the elderly patients after spinal operation]","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520961212","article-title":"Preoperative risk factors for delirium in patients aged \u226575 years undergoing spinal surgery: a retrospective study","volume":"48","author":"Onuma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j4008","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"Amstar 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58020268","article-title":"The relationship between perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative delirium in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery: clinical data warehouse analysis","volume":"58","author":"Kwon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gold C, Ray E, Christianson D, et al. Risk Factors for Delirium in Elderly Patients after Lumbar Spinal Fusion 2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.20.22269610"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.05.185","article-title":"82. Interdisciplinary care may reduce delirium in elderly spine patients: the UT Southwestern Perioperative Optimization of Senior Health Program","volume":"20","author":"Pernik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66276-3","article-title":"Incidence & risk factors of postoperative delirium after spinal surgery in older patients","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.05.483","article-title":"P85. Reducing delirium after complex spinal surgery (\u22654 levels): the UT Southwestern Perioperative Optimization of Senior Health program","volume":"20","author":"Pernik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib51","article-title":"The potential role of lung-protective ventilation in preventing postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing prone spinal surgery: a preliminary study","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Mon. Int. Med. J. Exp. Clin. Res. : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research"},{"issue":"SUPPL 1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib55","first-page":"S196","article-title":"Delirium after spine surgery in older adults: a prospective study","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17006","article-title":"Perioperative optimization of senior health in spine surgery: impact on postoperative delirium","volume":"69","author":"Pernik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib44","first-page":"8","article-title":"Preoperative hemoglobin is an independent risk factor for early postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing elective orthopedic surgery","volume":"129","author":"Alhadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.09.016","article-title":"Association of electroencephalogram trajectories during emergence from anaesthesia with delirium in the postanaesthesia care unit: an early sign of postoperative complications","volume":"122","author":"Hesse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000566","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of perioperative variables associated with postoperative delirium and other adverse outcomes in older patients after spine surgery","volume":"31","author":"Susano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib37","first-page":"57","article-title":"Intraoperative ketamine may increase risk of post-operative delirium after complex spinal fusion (>=5 levels) for adult deformity correction: a single institutional study of 138 patients","volume":"131","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-3730-1","article-title":"Comprehensive risk factor evaluation of postoperative delirium following major surgery: clinical data warehouse analysis","volume":"40","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci. : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2019.11.3.297","article-title":"Etiology and related factors of postoperative delirium in orthopedic surgery","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinics in orthopedic surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2018.11.009","article-title":"Low-dose ketamine infusion to decrease postoperative delirium for spinal fusion patients","volume":"34","author":"Plyler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. PeriAnesthesia Nurs. : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.12.4.703","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium after spine surgery: an age-matched analysis","volume":"12","author":"Morino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian spine journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218767430","article-title":"Postoperative complications associated with spine surgery in patients older than 90 Years: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"8","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Spine J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000467","article-title":"Prevention and management of postoperative delirium in elderly patients following elective spinal surgery","volume":"30","author":"Nazemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical spine surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217700115","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium after spine surgery in extremely elderly patients aged 80 Years or older and review of the literature: Japan association of spine surgeons with ambition multicenter study","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Spine J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2017.07.01","article-title":"The prevalence of undiagnosed pre-surgical cognitive impairment and its post-surgical clinical impact in elderly patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity","volume":"3","author":"Adogwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E347","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001799","article-title":"Cervical spine surgery complications and risks in the elderly","volume":"42","author":"Radcliff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.4.SPINE161012","article-title":"Depression as an independent predictor of postoperative delirium in spine deformity patients undergoing elective spine surgery","volume":"27","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib42","first-page":"S297","article-title":"Perioperative anesthetic and surgical risk factors associated with postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective spine surgery: a prospective observational study","volume":"122","author":"Gaudet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0640-4","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative delirium after spine surgery in middle- and old-aged patients","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.3.287","article-title":"The prevalence of undiagnosed presurgical cognitive impairment and its postsurgical clinical impact in older patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12193","article-title":"Risk factors contributing to postoperative delirium in geriatric patients postorthopedic surgery","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Psychiatr. : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.04.016","article-title":"Prospective analysis of adverse events in surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"14","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2975","article-title":"Onset, risk factors, and impact of delirium in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"30","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12128","article-title":"Pain, fentanyl consumption, and delirium in adolescents after scoliosis surgery: dexmedetomidine vs midazolam","volume":"23","author":"Aydogan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib36","first-page":"S88","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for delirium after spine surgery","volume":"62","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0123-6","article-title":"Perioperative complications and adverse events after lumbar spinal surgery: evaluation of 1012 operations at a single center","volume":"16","author":"Imagama","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.06.010","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in spine surgery","volume":"6","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine J. : official journal of the North American Spine Society"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106789","article-title":"The impact of diabetes on postoperative outcomes following spine surgery: a meta-analysis of 40 cohort studies with 2.9 million participants","volume":"104","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2019.08.003","article-title":"Risk Factors for Recurrence after anal fistula surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Mei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k504","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k504","article-title":"Outcomes of non-invasive diagnostic modalities for the detection of coronary artery disease: network meta-analysis of diagnostic randomised controlled trials","volume":"360","author":"Siontis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3144-3","article-title":"Surgery in lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis: indications, outcomes and complications. A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Steiger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J. : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.021","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative delirium after deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson disease","volume":"114","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"World neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000338","article-title":"The impact of age-related cataract on measures of frailty in an aging global population","volume":"28","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.06.151","article-title":"Nomogram for predicting postoperative delirium after deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"World neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu022","article-title":"Risk factors for incident delirium among older people in acute hospital medical units: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2012.01472.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis of factors which influence delirium following cardiac surgery","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Card. Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12806","article-title":"Screening for postoperative delirium in patients with acute hip fracture: assessment of predictive factors","volume":"17","author":"Koskderelioglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01651-4","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of postoperative delirium after spinal surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000017177","article-title":"Predisposing and precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized older patients","volume":"10","author":"Inouye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530350034031","article-title":"Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability","volume":"275","author":"Inouye","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03981-5","article-title":"Association between smoking and postoperative delirium in surgical patients with pulmonary hypertension: a secondary analysis of a cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000174968.72212.ac","article-title":"Resistant hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.04.031","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and the risk of postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a multi-centre cohort study","volume":"131","author":"Feinkohl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1998.0724","article-title":"Postoperative delirium and plasma melatonin","volume":"53","author":"Uchida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B239","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/54.6.B239","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of delirium: current hypotheses and evolving concepts","volume":"54","author":"Flacker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024009988?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024009988?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:31:19Z","timestamp":1775457079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405844024009988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405844024009988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors of postoperative delirium following spine surgery: A meta-analysis of 50 cohort studies with 1.1 million participants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24967","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e24967"}}