{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:07:03Z","timestamp":1779880023280,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:55:09Z","timestamp":1715601309000},"page":"e31165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The land degradation and desertification-socioeconomic nexus in Egypt's delta region: A case study on Alexandria and Beheira"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2009-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Elhini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Hassaballa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Balbaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remah","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Abou-Kota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimaa","family":"Ganzour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib2","series-title":"Near East and North Africa \u2013 Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition: Statistics and Trends","author":"Fao","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib3","first-page":"437","article-title":"Food security. Food secur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clim. Chang. L. an IPCC Spec. Rep. Clim. Chang. Desertif. L. Degrad. Sustain. L. Manag. Food Secur. Greenh. Gas fluxes Terr. Ecosyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib4","series-title":"Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS)","first-page":"2020","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib5","series-title":"2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories","article-title":"N2O emissions from managed soils, and Co2 emissions from lime and urea application","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib6","series-title":"World Bank Report","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib8","series-title":"Introduction to Normative Economics","author":"Mishan","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib9","series-title":"The Economics of Welfare","author":"Pigou","year":"1920"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib10","series-title":"Land Titling for Land Conservation in Developing Countries","author":"Wachter","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib11","series-title":"Desertification. Climate Change and Land: an IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems","author":"Mirzabaev","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib12","article-title":"The political ecology of land degradation","author":"Olsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib13","series-title":"Land Degradation and Society","author":"Blaikie","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib14","article-title":"Poverty and environment: priorities for research and study-an overview study, prepared for the United Nations Development Programme and European Commission. Work","author":"Forsyth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pap., Lond. Sch. Econ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9192(00)00022-1","article-title":"A downward spiral? Research evidence on the relationship between poverty and natural resource degradation","volume":"25","author":"Scherr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Pol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/erae\/jbq027","article-title":"Climate change and agriculture: an economic analysis of global impacts, adaptation and distributional effects","volume":"37","author":"Iglesias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib17","first-page":"753","article-title":"The impact of global warming on agriculture: a Ricardian analysis","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib18","article-title":"Assessing the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture in Egypt: a Ricardian approach","volume":"4293","author":"Eid","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Bank Policy Research Working Paper"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3354\/cr01257","article-title":"Egypt's economic vulnerability to climate change","volume":"62","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clim. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355770X20000066","article-title":"Land and poverty: the role of soil fertility and vegetation quality in poverty reduction","volume":"25","author":"Heger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib21","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Kirui","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-023-04014-1","article-title":"Understanding the relationship between poverty, environmental degradation, and power dynamics: a qualitative study in Northern Ghana","author":"Nachibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envdev.2020.100507","article-title":"Local livelihoods and land users' perceptions of land degradation in northwest Tunisia","volume":"33","author":"Jendoubi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.106530","article-title":"The impact of land degradation on agricultural profits and implications for poverty reduction in Central Asia","volume":"126","author":"Mirzabaev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Land Use Pol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib25","first-page":"391","article-title":"The socio-ecological contradictions of land degradation and coastal agriculture in south India","volume":"6","author":"Pratheepa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Plann.: Nature and Space"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regsus.2023.08.007","article-title":"Examination of the poverty-environmental degradation nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"4","author":"Ssekibaala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Regional Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib27","first-page":"160","article-title":"Measuring the effect of land degradation and environmental changes on agricultural production in Somalia with two structural breaks","volume":"32","author":"Abdinur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Manag. Environ. Qual. Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib28","volume":"vol. 15","author":"Barbier","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssas.2018.02.006","article-title":"Economic impact of climate change on agriculture using Ricardian approach: a case of northwest Vietnam","volume":"18","author":"Huong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2017.09.004","article-title":"From Informal Settlements to sustainable communities","volume":"57","author":"Nassar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib32","series-title":"The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023. Urbanization, Agrifood Systems Transformation and Healthy Diets across the Rural\u2013Urban Continuum","author":"Fao","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib33","series-title":"Land Degradation, Poverty and Marginality","author":"Gerber","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib34","series-title":"Egypt Labour Market Panel Survey","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-023-04014-1","article-title":"Understanding the relationship between poverty, environmental degradation, and power dynamics: a qualitative study in Northern Ghana","author":"Nachibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib36","series-title":"African Shifts: the Africa Climate Mobility Report, Addressing Climate-Forced Migration & Displacement; Africa Climate Mobility Initiative and Global Centre for Climate Mobility","author":"Amakrane","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib37","first-page":"566","article-title":"The role of agriculture in economic development","volume":"51","author":"Johnston","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-resource-100913-012706","article-title":"Agriculture in african development: theories and strategies","volume":"6","author":"Dercon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Resource Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib39","series-title":"Migration Could Help People Adapt to the Impacts of Climate Change in Africa, Africa at LSE, Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa","author":"Simpson","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1769944","article-title":"Estimating the effects of aggregate agricultural growth on the distribution of expenditures","author":"Ligon","year":"2007","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2013.10.002","article-title":"Poverty reduction during the rural\u2013urban transformation \u2013 the role of the missing middle","volume":"63","author":"Christiaensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.09.008","article-title":"Limitations of contract farming as a pro-poor strategy: the case of maize out grower schemes in upper west Ghana","volume":"102","author":"Ragasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.11.015","article-title":"Contract farming for improving smallholder incomes: what can we learn from effectiveness studies?","volume":"104","author":"Ton","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib45","series-title":"Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World","first-page":"141","article-title":"Sectoral growth linkages between agriculture and the rural nonfarm economy","author":"Haggblade","year":"2007"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8268.12264","article-title":"Accelerating agro manufacturing to feed Africa","volume":"29","author":"Anyanwu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr. Dev. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1086\/452417","article-title":"Green Revolution, human capital, and off\u2010farm employment: changing sources of income among farm households in Central Luzon, 1966\u20131994","volume":"47","author":"Estudillo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Econ. Dev. Cult. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s12210-023-01155-3","article-title":"An overview of land degradation, desertification and sustainable land management using GIS and remote sensing applications","volume":"34","author":"AbdelRahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei"}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024071962?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024071962?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:14:19Z","timestamp":1773904459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405844024071962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405844024071962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The land degradation and desertification-socioeconomic nexus in Egypt's delta region: A case study on Alexandria and Beheira","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31165","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e31165"}}