{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:36:06Z","timestamp":1793723766659,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP2024R356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T02:29:01Z","timestamp":1723256941000},"page":"e36136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Optimizing leaf nutrient status, growth, and yield parameters in high-density apple orchards (cv. Super chief) via integrated drip irrigation and fertigation techniques"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kapil","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunny","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananthakrishnan","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid F.","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed Fathi","family":"Abd_Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib1","article-title":"Integration of water resources management strategies in land use planning towards environmental conservation","volume":"15","author":"Kalogiannidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainibility"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061253","article-title":"The influence of rootstock and high-density Planting on Apple cv. Auksis fruit quality","volume":"10","author":"Lauzike","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib3","series-title":"Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination","first-page":"3","article-title":"Soil contamination, risk assessment, and remediation","author":"Ashraf","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib4","series-title":"Book: Research Trends in Environment Ecosystem","first-page":"69","article-title":"The impact of chemical fertilizers on our environment and ecosystem","author":"Chandini","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib5","first-page":"24","article-title":"High-density plantation in apple \u2013 a highly remunerative enterprise","volume":"66","author":"Mir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib6","first-page":"419","article-title":"Effect of fertigation and rootstock on yield and quality of apple under high-density plantation","volume":"68","author":"Banyal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2022.111700","article-title":"Optimization of irrigation and nitrogen levels for a trade-off: yield, quality, water use efficiency, and environment effect in a drip-fertigated apple orchard based on TOPSIS method","volume":"309","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib8","first-page":"11","article-title":"Nutrient uptake and yield of tomato under various methods of fertilizer application and levels of fertigation in arid lands","volume":"62","author":"Badr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib9","article-title":"Micro-irrigation improves grain yield and resource use efficiency by co-locating the roots and N-fertilizers distribution of winter wheat in North China Plain","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Enviorn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.3390\/w15091733","article-title":"Review on drip irrigation: impact on crop yield, quality, and water productivity in China","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib11","first-page":"362","article-title":"Effect of irrigation and fertigation scheduling on input use efficiency, yield, and quality of guava cv. Lalit under intensive orcharding system","volume":"74","author":"Kumawat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib12","first-page":"19","article-title":"Efficient use of nitrogen and water in high-density apple orchard","volume":"12","author":"Neilsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horti Tec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib13","first-page":"143","article-title":"Influence of fertigation with nitrogen and a complete fertilizer on growth and yielding of \u2018Gala\u2019 apple trees. J. Fruit Ornam","volume":"144","author":"Treder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2012.639429","article-title":"Effect of fertigation on productivity of apple trees","volume":"43","author":"Rakicevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib15","first-page":"364","article-title":"Fertigation in horticulture: a guarantee to economized quality production","volume":"17","author":"Jeyabaskaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. J. Fert."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib16","series-title":"7th International Micro Irrigation Congress","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimal irrigation and fertigation scheduling on mulberry yield and water use efficiency","author":"Ranghaswami","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0228.2018.00011.7","article-title":"Nutrient saving and yield enhancement through fertigation in apple growing cold humid regions of North-west Himalayas","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib18","first-page":"193","article-title":"Performance evaluation of different irrigation scheduling methods for peach through efficient fertigation system network","volume":"662","author":"Hasan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib19","series-title":"Memorandum, Department of Horticulture","first-page":"223","article-title":"Fruit nut and plantation crop, deciduous and evergreen: a guide for collecting foliar samples for nutrient element analysis","author":"Kenworthy","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib20","series-title":"Soil Chemical Analysis","first-page":"925p","author":"Jackson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib21","series-title":"Soil and Plant Analysis","first-page":"368p","author":"Piper","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib22","series-title":"Prentice Hall of India Pvt","first-page":"111","article-title":"Soil chemical analysis","author":"Jackson","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib23","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers","author":"Panse","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/10408340500526766","article-title":"The correlation coefficient: an overview","volume":"36","author":"Asuero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib25","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Nitrogen fertigation concentration and timing of application affect nitrogen nutrition, yield, firmness, and color of Apples grown at high density","volume":"44","author":"Neilsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2020.1820028","article-title":"Vegetative growth and foliage nutrient content of super chief apple under different irrigation and fertigation schedules in NW Himalayan region","volume":"51","author":"Thakur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib27","series-title":"Marschner's Mineral Nutrition of Plants","first-page":"73","article-title":"Long-distance transport in the xylem and phloem","author":"White","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6350","DOI":"10.5897\/AJAR12.1662","article-title":"Effect of irrigation and fertigation scheduling on growth and yield of guava (Psidium guajava L.) under meadow orcharding","volume":"7","author":"Ramnivas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Agric.e Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib29","first-page":"13","article-title":"Sustainable fruit production in arid regions for export","volume":"25","author":"Chandra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib30","series-title":"Response of NPK Fertilization and Irrigation on Growth and Productivity of High-Density Apple Plantation","author":"Mankotia","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2010.05.027","article-title":"Light penetration, growth, and fruit productivity in \u2018Fuji\u2019 apple trees trained to four growing systems","volume":"125","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2022.1346.42","article-title":"Effect of planting density on light interception and distribution, physiological and agronomic performance of \u2018Gala\u2019 apple orchards","volume":"1346","author":"De Sousa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib33","first-page":"584","article-title":"Growth, productivity, leaf nutrient contents and water use efficiency of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) under drip and basin irrigation system","volume":"80","author":"Chauhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib35","first-page":"3050","article-title":"Effect of fertilizer sources and rate through drip fertigation on growth and yield of custard apple (Annona squamosal L.) cv. Balanagar","volume":"11","author":"Priya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib36","first-page":"203","article-title":"Water consumption by apple trees on sandy soils in North Western Romanian under natural and irrigated condition. LucrarileSliintific all instituted Carcelase Si Product Pentru","volume":"11","author":"Bunea","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pomicultura Pitesti"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2016.08.007","article-title":"Nitrogen fertigation effect on photosynthesis, grain yield and water use efficiency on winter wheat","volume":"179","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0112.2021.00042.6","article-title":"Water requirement and fertigation in high density planting of apples","volume":"78","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib40","first-page":"45","article-title":"Irrigation scheduling and fertigation in pomegranate cv. Bhagwa under high density planting system","volume":"71","author":"Haneef","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib41","first-page":"172","article-title":"Effect of fertigation on growth, yield and quality of Nagpur Mandarin","volume":"1","author":"Goud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5958\/2230-7338.2017.00033.7","article-title":"Effect of fertigation on growth, yield, fruit quality and fertilizer use efficiency of peach","volume":"8","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hill Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib43","first-page":"174","article-title":"Effect of different doses and timings of fertigation on vegetative growth of high density cultivars Mitch Gala and Red Chief Campsur","volume":"14","author":"Majid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Forum Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2017.06.006","article-title":"Regulation of potassium transport and signaling in plants","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib45","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effect of waste water irrigation on growth, physiology, and yield of mustard","volume":"3","author":"Tabassum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Bot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-023-00871-y","article-title":"Effect of nitrogen application and fertigation scheduling on potato yield performance under drip irrigation system","author":"Badr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gesunde Pflanz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.37855\/jah.2020.v22i01.13","article-title":"Effect of fertigation and drip irrigation on yield and quality of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum and Nakai]","volume":"22","author":"Nisha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2019.03.026","article-title":"Vertical distributions and chlorophyll and nitrogen and their association with photosynthesis under drought and rewaterring regimes in a maize field","volume":"272","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13102506","article-title":"Effect of Water-Fertilizer coupling on the growth and physiological characterstics of young apple trees","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/IJPSS\/2016\/18821","article-title":"Evaluation of nitrogen effects on yield and quality of watermelon grown in coastal regions of Kenya","volume":"9","author":"Maluki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Jo. Plant Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.56093\/ijas.v85i10.52276","article-title":"Effect of fertigation on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf nutrient content of strawberry (Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa) cv. Chandler","volume":"85","author":"Kachwaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2013.811520","article-title":"Effect of drip fertigation with and without mulch on soil hydrothermal regimes, growth, yield and quality of apple (Malus \u00d7 domestica Borkh.)","volume":"44","author":"Raina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109361","article-title":"Effect of different level of water, applied nitrogen and irrigation methods on yield, yield components and IWUE of onion","volume":"268","author":"Piri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0112.2017.00072.X","article-title":"Effect of irrigation and fertigation scheduling on growth, flowering, yield and economics of guava cv. Lalit under ultra high density planting system","volume":"74","author":"Kulwant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.3390\/w15112086","article-title":"Drip irrigation and fertigation on soil water dynamics and productivity of greenhouse tomatoes","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib56","series-title":"Standardization of Irrigation and Fertigation Schedules for Apple under High Density Plantation","author":"Thakur","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136_bib57","first-page":"15","article-title":"Interaction of the coupled effect of irrigation mode of nitrogen fertilizer format on tomato production","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water"}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024121676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024121676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:49:39Z","timestamp":1773182979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405844024121676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405844024121676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimizing leaf nutrient status, growth, and yield parameters in high-density apple orchards (cv. Super chief) via integrated drip irrigation and fertigation techniques","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36136","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e36136"}}