{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:59:53Z","timestamp":1792504793316,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021CFB035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CFB035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T07:30:18Z","timestamp":1725694218000},"page":"e37547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pregnancy related adverse events and congenital disorders associated with fluoroquinolones: A real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dao-chun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-long","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang-ying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4995-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-yi","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E638","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160938","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drugs","volume":"189","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can. Med. Assoc. J.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113741","article-title":"The antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolone derivatives: an update (2018-2021)","volume":"224","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7153","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237153","article-title":"Biological effects of quinolones: a family of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents","volume":"26","author":"Millanao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.04.014","article-title":"Adverse events of fluoroquinolones vs. other antimicrobials prescribed in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"52","author":"Tandan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450121666200621193355","article-title":"Fluoroquinolones: blessings or curses","volume":"21","author":"Majalekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.03.011","article-title":"Maternal and fetal blood levels of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime and cefoperazone","volume":"36","author":"Ozyuncu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339202000313","article-title":"Quinolone arthropathy--acute toxicity to immature articular cartilage","volume":"20","author":"Gough","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E625","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.161020","article-title":"Use of antibiotics during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion","volume":"189","author":"Muanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can. Med. Assoc. J.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib9","first-page":"417","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in women","volume":"88","author":"Mclaughlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-171","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis in pregnant women","volume":"14","author":"Redelinghuys","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.07.013","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy in the United States: incidence and disparities, 2006","volume":"84","author":"Finer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.6.1336","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to fluoroquinolones: a multicenter prospective controlled study","volume":"42","author":"Loebstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2223956","article-title":"Adverse events of guselkumab in the real world: emerging signals to target preventive strategies from the FDA adverse event reporting system","volume":"22","author":"Xiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-024-01421-9","article-title":"The reporting of a disproportionality analysis for drug safety signal detection using individual case safety reports in PharmacoVigilance (READUS-PV): development and statement","volume":"47","author":"Fusaroli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-024-01441-5","article-title":"Not just another reporting guideline? Here's why READUS-PV is a major step forward","volume":"47","author":"Loke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-024-01423-7","article-title":"The REporting of A disproportionality analysis for DrUg safety signal detection using individual case safety reports in PharmacoVigilance (READUS-PV): explanation and elaboration","volume":"47","author":"Fusaroli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-013-0075-1","article-title":"Choosing thresholds for statistical signal detection with the proportional reporting ratio","volume":"36","author":"Slattery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730070-00011","article-title":"Bayesian confidence propagation neural network","volume":"30","author":"Bate","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2251888","article-title":"Pregnancy-related adverse events associated with statins: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212111","article-title":"Azithromycin to prevent sepsis or death in women planning a vaginal birth","volume":"388","author":"Tita","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-018-2383-8","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes following exposure to quinolone antibiotics - a systematic-review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Ziv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm. Res. (N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13364","article-title":"Use of antibiotics during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations: a population based cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Muanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4392","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02413-14","article-title":"Observational cohort study of pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to fluoroquinolones","volume":"58","author":"Padberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.02.002","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes following quinolone and fluoroquinolone exposure during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Acar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15119","article-title":"The safety of quinolones and fluoroquinolones in pregnancy: a meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Yefet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2017.1356469","article-title":"Effects of ciprofloxacin on fetal rat liver during pregnancy and protective effects of quercetin","volume":"92","author":"Dogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1021\/jm990580e","article-title":"Inhibition of clinically relevant mutant variants of HIV-1 by quinazolinone non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","volume":"43","author":"Corbett","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.05.032","article-title":"Therapeutic concentration of ciprofloxacin and transfer across the human term placenta","volume":"225","author":"Noergaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.10.2179","article-title":"Drug features that contribute to the activity of quinolones against mammalian topoisomerase II and cultured cells: correlation between enhancement of enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage in vitro and cytotoxic potential","volume":"37","author":"Elsea","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib30","article-title":"Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of norfloxacin in pregnant female albino rats","volume":"2014","author":"Aboubakr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150541","article-title":"Teratogenic effects induced by paracetamol, ciprofloxacin, and their mixture on Danio rerio embryos: oxidative stress implications","volume":"806","author":"Rosas-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.02.007","article-title":"Effects of norfloxacin exposure on neurodevelopment of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos","volume":"72","author":"Xi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.990241","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone-associated suspected tendonitis and tendon rupture: a pharmacovigilance analysis from 2016 to 2021 based on the FAERS database","volume":"13","author":"Shu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13295","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone exposure in utero did not affect articular cartilage of resulting foals","volume":"53","author":"Ellerbrock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.06.017","article-title":"Further analysis of the risk of adverse birth outcome after maternal use of fluoroquinolones","volume":"26","author":"Wogelius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(91)90049-A","article-title":"Evaluation of DNA damage induced by norfloxacin in liver and kidney of adult rats and in fetal tissues after transplacental exposure","volume":"264","author":"Pino","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.1998.4950200705","article-title":"Confocal laser scanning microscopy of chondrocytes in vitro: cytoskeletal changes after quinolone treatment","volume":"20","author":"Walter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000122","article-title":"The safety of quinolones in pregnancy","volume":"69","author":"Yefet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190018799186","article-title":"A case report of anticoagulation management in acquired hemophilia associated with levofloxacin","volume":"33","author":"Mor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.4.0710","article-title":"Abnormal coagulation studies associated with levofloxacin. Report of three cases","volume":"100","author":"Psarros","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200308000-00007","volume":"3","author":"Campi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-003-1268-7","article-title":"Massive bleeding symptoms in two patients with factor V inhibitor and antiphospholipid antibodies after treatment with ciprofloxacin","volume":"98","author":"Miesbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Klin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1053\/beha.2001.0141","article-title":"Acquired von Willebrand syndromes: clinical features, aetiology, pathophysiology, classification and management","volume":"14","author":"Michiels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2012.02.008","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-induced thrombopenia","volume":"42","author":"Santucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(01)00509-4","article-title":"Clinical toxicological aspects of fluoroquinolones","volume":"127","author":"Stahlmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib46","first-page":"122","article-title":"Interactions of a series of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs with the human cardiac K+ channel HERG","volume":"59","author":"Kang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-865020180090000002","article-title":"Role of moxifloxacin-dexamethasone in cardiac histomorphometric findings among Wistar rats from infected mothers","volume":"33","author":"S Maior","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Cir. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-022-01203-0","article-title":"Use of azithromycin in pregnancy: more doubts than certainties","volume":"42","author":"Antonucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6741","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126741","article-title":"Modified fluoroquinolones as antimicrobial compounds targeting Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"23","author":"Vu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib50","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection in the female reproductive system: diseases and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S129","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir702","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: should we treat and how?","volume":"53","author":"Manhart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547_bib52","author":"Agency"}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024135785?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024135785?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:24:21Z","timestamp":1790713461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405844024135785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405844024135785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pregnancy related adverse events and congenital disorders associated with fluoroquinolones: A real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37547","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e37547"}}