{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T03:00:51Z","timestamp":1794366051157,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007504","name":"Istanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019673","name":"Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["43396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011401","name":"International Technological University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007246","name":"Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014798","name":"Presidency of Strategy and Budget of the Presidency of Republic of Turkey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016K121250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016K121250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T12:02:22Z","timestamp":1729684942000},"page":"e39737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["High temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge: Synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis with rice straw and composite plastics wastes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5064-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Babayi\u011fit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilek","family":"Alper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4904-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emine","family":"\u00c7okg\u00f6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9269-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Can","family":"Okutan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7797-9112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alper","family":"Sar\u0131o\u011flan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Council Directive of 12 June 1986 on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture (86\/278\/EEC)","year":"1986","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Communities - Legislation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.09.008","article-title":"Kinetics evaluation and thermal decomposition characteristics of co-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge and hazelnut shell","volume":"247","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2018.01.171","article-title":"High quality syngas produced from the co-pyrolysis of wet sewage sludge with sawdust","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2020.105664","article-title":"Physiochemical properties and pyrolysis behavior evaluations of hydrochar from co-hydrothermal treatment of rice straw and sewage sludge","volume":"140","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119092","article-title":"Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and metal-free\/metal-loaded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics improved biochar properties and reduced environmental risk of heavy metals","volume":"302","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1021\/ef980163x","article-title":"Interaction of plastics in mixed-plastics pyrolysis","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2018.11.005","article-title":"Structure characteristics of bio-char generated from co-pyrolysis of wooden waste and wet municipal sewage sludge","volume":"183","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2019.104659","article-title":"Effects of residence time on characteristics of biochars prepared via co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks","volume":"142","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149397","article-title":"Co-pyrolysis performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products of textile dyeing sludge and medical plastic wastes","volume":"799","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib10","series-title":"Synergistic Effects on Products Characteristics and Kinetics","article-title":"Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2018.09.034","article-title":"Biochar application to low fertility soils: a review of current status, and future prospects","volume":"337","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.01.113","article-title":"Beneficial synergetic effect on gas production during co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and biomass in a vacuum reactor","volume":"183","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.01.090","article-title":"Self-heating co-pyrolysis of excessive activated sludge with waste biomass: energy balance and sludge reduction","volume":"133","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.04.014","article-title":"Synergetic effect of sewage sludge and biomass co-pyrolysis: a combined study in thermogravimetric analyzer and a fixed bed reactor","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.04.067","article-title":"Investigation on the fast co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with biomass and the combustion reactivity of residual char","volume":"239","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109883","article-title":"Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19","volume":"127","author":"Kleme\u0161","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.06.096","article-title":"Biodegradation of plastics: a state of the art review","volume":"39","author":"Bahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.110406","article-title":"Effect of co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with different plastics on the nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine releasing characteristics and the heavy metals ecological risk of biochar","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.03.015","article-title":"Catalytic co-pyrolysis of paper biomass and plastic mixtures (HDPE (high density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate)) and product analysis","volume":"103","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104554","article-title":"Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and low-density polyethylene \u2013 a thermogravimetric study of thermo-kinetics and thermodynamic parameters","volume":"9","author":"Zaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.05.026","article-title":"Study on the co-pyrolysis of rice straw and high density polyethylene blends using TG-FTIR-MS","volume":"146","author":"Kai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.131053","article-title":"Co-pyrolytic performances, mechanisms, gases, oils, and chars of textile dyeing sludge and waste shared bike tires under varying conditions","volume":"428","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.05.262","article-title":"Thermochemical processing of sewage sludge to energy and fuel: fundamentals, challenges and considerations","volume":"80","author":"Syed-Hassan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.08.006","article-title":"Microwave torrefaction of rice straw and pennisetum","volume":"123","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.02.116","article-title":"Energy life cycle assessment of rice straw bio-energy derived from potential gasification technologies","volume":"102","author":"Shie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130092","article-title":"Pyrolysis: an effective technique for degradation of COVID-19 medical wastes","volume":"275","author":"Dharmaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib27","author":"Waldheim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heterogeneity of biochar properties as a function of feedstock sources and production temperatures","volume":"256","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2370(01)00179-6","article-title":"Copyrolysis of wood biomass and synthetic polymers mixtures. Part II: characterisation of the liquid phases","volume":"65","author":"Marin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152303","article-title":"Influence of corn straw on distribution and migration of nitrogen and heavy metals during microwave-assisted pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge","volume":"815","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123457","article-title":"A review on advanced catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and hydrogen-rich feedstock: insights into synergistic effect, catalyst development and reaction mechanism","volume":"310","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2018.10.021","article-title":"Pyrolysis of different wood species: impacts of C\/H ratio in feedstock on distribution of pyrolysis products","volume":"120","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2023.100989","article-title":"Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic: circularity of wastes and comprehensive review of synergistic mechanism","volume":"17","author":"Seah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Results in Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.128177","article-title":"Co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with other carbonaceous materials: a review on advance technologies, synergistic effect, and future prospectus","volume":"345","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.06.089","article-title":"Pyrolysis of high-ash sewage sludge: thermo-kinetic study using TGA and artificial neural networks","volume":"233","author":"Naqvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2018.12.011","article-title":"Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of sewage sludge: a review","volume":"187","author":"Zaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2015.07.077","article-title":"Pyrolysis behaviors and kinetic studies on Eucalyptus residues using thermogravimetric analysis","volume":"105","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.03.063","article-title":"Influence of sewage sludge treatment on pyrolysis and combustion of dry sludge","volume":"55","author":"Folgueras","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109250","article-title":"Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of waste activated sludge","volume":"183","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2018.03.018","article-title":"Enhanced hydrogen production in catalytic pyrolysis of sewage sludge by red mud: thermogravimetric kinetic analysis and pyrolysis characteristics","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib41","author":"Xu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.9b03800","article-title":"Co-Pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice straw: thermal behavior and char characteristic evaluations","volume":"34","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2022.105464","article-title":"Co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and plastics: a comprehensive study on pyrolysis kinetics and characteristics","volume":"163","author":"Vo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.108202","article-title":"Importance of char-volatiles interactions during co-pyrolysis of polypropylene and biomass components","volume":"10","author":"Engamba Esso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2010.02.054","article-title":"A study on torrefaction of various biomass materials and its impact on lignocellulosic structure simulated by a thermogravimetry","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2014.08.010","article-title":"Thermogravimetric analysis of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of plastics and biomass blends","volume":"128","author":"Oyedun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2015.02.020","article-title":"Study on the co-pyrolysis of high density polyethylene and potato blends using thermogravimetric analyzer and tubular furnace","volume":"112","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2017.05.004","article-title":"Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.08.050","article-title":"Influence of pyrolysis temperature on properties and environmental safety of heavy metals in biochars derived from municipal sewage sludge","volume":"320","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2018.05.034","article-title":"High temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge as a sustainable process for energy recovery","volume":"78","author":"Karaca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib51","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of sludge-to-energy recovery methods","volume":"12","author":"Oladejo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2017.10.014","article-title":"Pyrolysis kinetics of sewage sludge and its biochar characteristics","volume":"115","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26265","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01994","article-title":"Analysis of pyrolysis characteristics of oily sludge in different regions and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in pyrolysis residue","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.04.038","article-title":"Numerical simulation of biomass fast pyrolysis in an auger reactor","volume":"156","author":"Aramideh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.117842","article-title":"Optimization and characterization of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of Pearl Millet and Sida cordifolia L. by using response surface methodology","volume":"274","author":"Boubacar Laoug\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.02.094","article-title":"Utilization of municipal solid and liquid wastes for bioenergy and bioproducts production","volume":"215","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-3057(00)00211-1","article-title":"Overview of water evolution during the thermal degradation of cellulose","volume":"37","author":"Scheirs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1656(00)00385-0","article-title":"Ethanol production from wheat straw hemicellulose hydrolysate by Pichia stipitis","volume":"87","author":"Nigam","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1021\/ef960096b","article-title":"Alkali metal emission during pyrolysis of biomass","volume":"11","author":"Olsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1285(98)00020-3","article-title":"Sewage sludge combustion","volume":"25","author":"Werther","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.122839","article-title":"Engineered biochar produced through microwave pyrolysis as a fuel additive in biodiesel combustion","volume":"312","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2022.112142","article-title":"Insight into biomass pyrolysis mechanism based on cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin: evolution of volatiles and kinetics, elucidation of reaction pathways, and characterization of gas, biochar and bio\u2010oil","volume":"242","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Combust. Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comptc.2010.12.027","article-title":"Theoretical studies on formation mechanisms of CO and CO2 in cellulose pyrolysis","volume":"964","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Theor Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c04915","article-title":"Kinetics, product evolution, and mechanism for the pyrolysis of typical plastic waste","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2014.12.015","article-title":"The molar H:Corg ratio of biochar is a key factor in mitigating N2O emissions from soil","volume":"202","author":"Cayuela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.11.077","article-title":"Thermal conversion of a promising phytoremediation plant (Symphytum officinale L.) into biochar: dynamic of potentially toxic elements and environmental acceptability assessment of the biochar","volume":"274","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2014.05.067","article-title":"A novel porous carbon derived from hydrothermal carbon for efficient adsorption of tetracycline","volume":"77","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbon N Y"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1366\/000370202760295412","article-title":"Characterization of waste organic matter by FT-IR spectroscopy: application in waste science","volume":"56","author":"Smidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2017.05.049","article-title":"Screw pyrolysis technology for sewage sludge treatment","volume":"73","author":"Tomasi Morgano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2017.05.032","article-title":"Fast co-pyrolysis of waste newspaper with high-density polyethylene for high yields of alcohols and hydrocarbons","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib71","article-title":"Conventional and cement-catalyzed co-pyrolysis of rice straw and waste polyethylene into liquid and gaseous fuels by using a fixed bed reactor","author":"Uddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110365","article-title":"A critical review on the principles, applications, and challenges of waste-to-hydrogen technologies","volume":"134","author":"Lui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737_bib73","series-title":"A Perspective on Scaling Low-Carbon Hydrogen Production, GREEN VS. BLUE HYDROGEN","author":"Warnes","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024157684?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844024157684?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:39:09Z","timestamp":1775457549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405844024157684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405844024157684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge: Synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis with rice straw and composite plastics wastes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39737","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e39737"}}