{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:09:09Z","timestamp":1784070549229,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heliyon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T01:48:09Z","timestamp":1738806489000},"page":"e42469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation with electrical stimulation on generalized anxiety disorder: Study protocol for an assessor-participant blinded, randomized sham-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"JingLing","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiuDong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiLiang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8278-6788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"XiaoLing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.08.014","article-title":"Pharmacological and psychological interventions for generalized anxiety disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ITC49","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201904020","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"170","author":"DeMartini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104743","article-title":"Brain stimulation and other biological nonpharmacological interventions in mental disorders: an umbrella review","volume":"139","author":"Rosson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.04.018","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation in brain diseases: Therapeutic applications and biological mechanisms","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.11.016","article-title":"The allure of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a novel therapeutic modality","volume":"79","author":"Carreno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2022.103038","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation - a brief introduction and overview","volume":"243","author":"Hilz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.01.006","article-title":"A distinct biomarker of continuous transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation treatment in major depressive disorder","volume":"11","author":"Tu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.025","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulates default mode network in major depressive disorder","volume":"79","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.001","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for major depressive disorder: an open label proof-of-concept trial","volume":"9","author":"Trevizol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101296","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation could improve the effective rate on the quality of sleep in the treatment of primary insomnia: a randomized control trial","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.05.017","article-title":"Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (t-VNS) and epilepsy: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"91","author":"Lampros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.11.003","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial (cMPsE02)","volume":"9","author":"Bauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01318-4","article-title":"The effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on functional connectivity within semantic and hippocampal networks in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"20","author":"Murphy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.08.010","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve stimulation in humans: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Redgrave","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.003","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulates amygdala functional connectivity in patients with depression","volume":"205","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-020-00619-y","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: from concept to application","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 Explanation and Elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials","volume":"346","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib19","series-title":"Sample Size Calculation in Clinical Research","author":"Chow","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib20","series-title":"Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS","author":"Heck","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469_bib21","series-title":"Multilevel Modeling of Categorical Outcomes Using IBM SPSS","author":"Heck","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Heliyon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844025008497?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405844025008497?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:42:29Z","timestamp":1784068949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405844025008497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405844025008497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-8440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-8440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation with electrical stimulation on generalized anxiety disorder: Study protocol for an assessor-participant blinded, randomized sham-controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heliyon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e42469","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e42469"}}