{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:35:30Z","timestamp":1787841330524,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial infections remain a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), especially in the pre-engraftment phase. The risk of bacterial infections is mainly related to neutropenia, mucositis, and the presence of vascular lines. Most parts of the world have witnessed a shift in epidemiology toward Gram-negative bacteria; a large proportion of which are resistant to fluoroquinolones, extended-spectrum beta-lactams, carbapenems, and in some units even colistin. Meticulous infection control practices are essential for prevention of bacterial infections in HSCT. The role of routine prophylactic antibiotics is limited in settings with high rates of bacterial resistance. If used, prophylactic antibiotics should be limited to high-risk patients, and the agents are selected based on local resistance profiles. Neutropenic fever is a medical emergency in most HSCT recipients. Prompt clinical evaluation is paramount, along with the intravenous administration of appropriate empiric antimicrobials, typically an antipseudomonal beta-lactam agent. Glycopeptides should only be considered if the patient is hemodynamically unstable or Gram-positive infection is suspected. Additional Gram-negative agents, such as colistin or aminoglycosides, may be added if extensive Gram-negative resistance is expected. To mitigate increasing bacterial resistance, empiric antibiotic regimens should be rationalized or discontinued as soon as possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T12:46:36Z","timestamp":1499085996000},"page":"228-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ali S.","family":"Omrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem S.","family":"Almaghrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2015.09.002","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) 2011\u20132012: a comprehensive report on behalf of the Eastern Mediterranean Blood and Marrow Transplantation group (EMBMT)","volume":"8","author":"Aljurf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2010.01.010","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an overview of infection risks and epidemiology","volume":"24","author":"Wingard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018_b0015","first-page":"002","article-title":"Infectious complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"S3","author":"Kedia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1086\/321805","article-title":"Summary of the guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"33","author":"Dykewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.06.019","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective","volume":"15","author":"Tomblyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12499","article-title":"Nocardiosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Shannon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.1917.1917","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"126","author":"Beswick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.05.018_b0040","unstructured":"Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. 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