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In addition, the children's symptom severities of ASD and verbal abilities were also assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test\u2014second edition, respectively. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> The results of the regression analysis confirmed that ToM significantly predicted pretend play variables, namely, Number of Object Substitutions (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = .158, p = .002) and Number of Imitated Actions (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = .175, p = .001), but not playfulness. The CARS score was a significant predictor of the Percentage of Elaborate Pretend Play Actions of pretend play (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = .075, p = .034), as well as the internal control (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = .125, p = .006) and framing (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = .071, p = .039) variables of playfulness. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> The findings support the idea that children with ASD who have better ToM might be able to develop better pretend play, but not better playfulness, which might be more strongly related to their autistic severity. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hkjot.2016.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]],"date-time":"2016-11-25T19:00:31Z","timestamp":1480100431000},"page":"43-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Theory of Mind Deficit is Associated with Pretend Play Performance, but not Playfulness, in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ping-Chen","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, Lin-Shin Medical Corporation Lin-Shin Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Te","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Teacher Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Counseling, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Chen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.hkjot.2016.09.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00202-6"},{"key":"bibr2-j.hkjot.2016.09.002","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Text Revision","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-j.hkjot.2016.09.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr4-j.hkjot.2016.09.002","volume-title":"The child's discovery of the mind","author":"Astington J. 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