{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:36:32Z","timestamp":1792812992010,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001030","name":"National Heart Foundation of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101866"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004752","name":"State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1143510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1143510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartlungcirc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart, Lung and Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:54:57Z","timestamp":1629420897000},"page":"1602-1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Arterial Stiffness in Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Kieran","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Smolich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.H.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Mynard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025","article-title":"Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"van der Linde","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.085","article-title":"Changing mortality in congenital heart disease","volume":"56","author":"Khairy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.2011.0003","article-title":"Coarctation of the aorta: from fetal life to adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Kenny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz009","article-title":"Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.03.099","article-title":"High prevalence of hypertension and end-organ damage late after coarctation repair in normal arches","volume":"100","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009072","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009072","article-title":"Stroke in adults with coarctation of the aorta: a national population-based study","volume":"7","author":"Pickard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.034090","article-title":"Current treatment and prognosis in children with functionally univentricular hearts","volume":"90","author":"Kaulitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib8","first-page":"S32","article-title":"Redefining expectations of long-term survival after the Fontan procedure: twenty-five years of follow-up from the entire population of Australia and New Zealand","volume":"130","author":"d'Udekem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-4-2","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"4","author":"Bailliard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000564","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2016-000564","article-title":"Adults with repaired tetralogy: low mortality but high morbidity up to middle age","volume":"4","author":"Dennis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254","article-title":"Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications","volume":"27","author":"Laurent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib12","series-title":"Paediatric Cardiology","first-page":"91","article-title":"Systemic circulation","author":"Cheung","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1236","article-title":"Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients","volume":"37","author":"Laurent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000105767.94169.E3","article-title":"Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and the risk of coronary artery disease","volume":"109","author":"Weber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.08.888","article-title":"Carotid stiffness is associated with incident stroke: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"van Sloten","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.12.041","article-title":"Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: the Hoorn study","volume":"63","author":"van Sloten","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002189","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002189","article-title":"Relation of central arterial stiffness to incident heart failure in the community","volume":"4","author":"Tsao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07650","article-title":"Relations of arterial stiffness and brachial flow-mediated dilation with new-onset atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"68","author":"Shaikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592352","article-title":"Transposition of the great arteries","volume":"114","author":"Warnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/sono.12245","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot\u2014A literature review","volume":"8","author":"Muirhead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sonography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.05.052","article-title":"Risk of systemic hypertension and cerebrovascular accident in patients with aortic coarctation aged <60 years (from a national database study)","volume":"116","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.4065\/78.12.1491","article-title":"Intracranial aneurysms in patients with coarctation of the aorta: a prospective magnetic resonance angiographic study of 100 patients","volume":"78","author":"Connolly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.10.020","article-title":"Acute angulation of the aortic arch predisposes a patient to ascending aortic dilatation and aortic regurgitation late after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries","volume":"135","author":"Agnoletti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2492072013","article-title":"Aortic elasticity and left ventricular function after arterial switch operation: MR imaging--initial experience","volume":"249","author":"Grotenhuis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.08.847","article-title":"Structure and function of the ascending aorta in palliated transposition of the great arteries","volume":"165","author":"Ladouceur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.05.055","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of vascular function in postoperative cardiovascular disease (Coarctation of the aorta, Tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of the great arteries)","volume":"118","author":"Mivelaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.07.072","article-title":"Ventriculovascular interactions late after atrial and arterial repair of transposition of the great arteries","volume":"148","author":"Biglino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.000131","article-title":"Implications of early aortic stiffening in patients with transposition of the great arteries after arterial switch operation","volume":"6","author":"Voges","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000218826.72592.e9","article-title":"Transposition of great arteries is associated with increased carotid artery stiffness","volume":"47","author":"Mersich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.529792","article-title":"Impaired elastic properties of the ascending aorta in newborns before and early after successful coarctation repair: proof of a systemic vascular disease of the prestenotic arteries?","volume":"111","author":"Vogt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.03.059","article-title":"Angular (Gothic) aortic arch leads to enhanced systolic wave reflection, central aortic stiffness, and increased left ventricular mass late after aortic coarctation repair: evaluation with magnetic resonance flow mapping","volume":"135","author":"Ou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-016-0278-6","article-title":"Aortic stiffening and its impact on left atrial volumes and function in patients after successful coarctation repair: a multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance study","volume":"18","author":"Voges","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.07.052","article-title":"Aortic stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function in children following early repair of aortic coarctation","volume":"112","author":"Lombardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/MBP.0b013e328343321e","article-title":"Augmentation of central arterial pressure in adult patients after coarctation repair","volume":"16","author":"Szczepaniak-Chichel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.030","article-title":"Evidence of vascular dysfunction in young patients with successfully repaired coarctation of aorta","volume":"182","author":"Brili","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-018-1357-6","article-title":"Impact of different coarctation therapies on aortic stiffness: phase-contrast MRI study","volume":"34","author":"Schafer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-008-9280-6","article-title":"Impaired elastic properties of the ascending aorta persist within the first 3 years after neonatal coarctation repair","volume":"30","author":"Kuhn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.10.057","article-title":"Vascular remodeling after \u201csuccessful\u201d repair of coarctation: impact of aortic arch geometry","volume":"49","author":"Ou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.158287","article-title":"Left ventricular long axis dysfunction in adults with \u201ccorrected\u201d aortic coarctation is related to an older age at intervention and increased aortic stiffness","volume":"95","author":"Lam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011411","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011411","article-title":"Reduced aortic distensibility is associated with higher aorto-carotid wave transmission and ambulatory blood pressure in young adults after coarctation repair","volume":"8","author":"Kowalski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0827-3","article-title":"Serial assessment of arterial structure and function in patients with coarctation of the aorta undergoing stenting","volume":"32","author":"Jesus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08763","article-title":"Abnormal wave reflections and left ventricular hypertrophy late after Coarctation of the aorta repair","volume":"69","author":"Quail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2007.10.007","article-title":"Assessment of ascending aorta distensibility after successful coarctation repair by strain Doppler echocardiography","volume":"21","author":"Vitarelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.03.055","article-title":"Enhanced aortic pressure wave reflection in patients after repair of aortic coarctation","volume":"80","author":"Murakami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.02.013","article-title":"Increased carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in patients after repair of aortic coarctation: influence of early repair","volume":"151","author":"Vriend","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-010-0263-2","article-title":"Vascular remodeling in adults after coarctation repair: impact of descending aorta stenosis and age at surgery","volume":"100","author":"Trojnarska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.195065","article-title":"The adult with repaired coarctation of the aorta","volume":"96","author":"Krieger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2007.00133.x","article-title":"Aortic arch morphology and late systemic hypertension following correction of coarctation of aorta","volume":"2","author":"Lashley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.12.049","article-title":"Aortic arch geometry and exercise-induced hypertension in aortic coarctation","volume":"99","author":"De Caro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.889733","article-title":"Maladaptive aortic properties in children after palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"122","author":"Voges","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.09.039","article-title":"Influence of aortic stiffness on ventricular function in patients with Fontan circulation","volume":"157","author":"Schafer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1151-3","article-title":"Elevated aortic augmentation index in children following Fontan palliation: evidence of stiffer arteries?","volume":"36","author":"Bhat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002107","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002107","article-title":"Frequent dilatation of the descending aorta in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome relates to decreased aortic arch elasticity","volume":"4","author":"Voges","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.06.013","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of vascular function and hydraulic power and efficiency in pediatric Fontan patients","volume":"26","author":"Myers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.04.071","article-title":"Progressive stiffening and relatively slow growth of the dilated ascending aorta in long-term Fontan survivors-Serial assessment for 15 years","volume":"316","author":"Hayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.09.065","article-title":"Elastic properties of the reconstructed aorta in hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Cardis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-011-0217-2","article-title":"Assessment of vascular remodeling after the Fontan procedure using a novel very high resolution ultrasound method: arterial wall thinning and venous thickening in late follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Sarkola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.091199","article-title":"Central and peripheral arterial stiffness in patients after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot: implications for aortic root dilatation","volume":"92","author":"Cheung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.09.141","article-title":"Aortic root dilation and aortic elastic properties in children after repair of tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"97","author":"Chong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12350","article-title":"Altered aortic upper wall TDI velocity is inversely related with left ventricular diastolic function in operated Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"11","author":"Bassareo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2011.05.024","article-title":"Aortic stiffness and aortic dilation in infants and children with tetralogy of Fallot before corrective surgery: evidence for intrinsically abnormal aortic mechanical property","volume":"41","author":"Seki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.08.081","article-title":"Reduced proximal aortic compliance and elevated wall shear stress after early repair of tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"156","author":"Schafer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.02.055","article-title":"Distensibility and diameter of ascending aorta assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in adults with tetralogy of Fallot or complete transposition","volume":"110","author":"Rutz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-010-0095-z","article-title":"Impaired carotid artery elastic function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"26","author":"Laszlo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.05.009","article-title":"Vascular function in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"106","author":"de Groot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib66","series-title":"McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries: Theoretical, Experimental and Clinical Principles","author":"Vlachopoulos","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14971","article-title":"Early and supernormal vascular aging: clinical characteristics and association with incident cardiovascular events","volume":"76","author":"Bruno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283524932","article-title":"Magnitude and return time of the reflected wave: the effects of large artery stiffness and aortic geometry","volume":"30","author":"Westerhof","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/5\/847","article-title":"Wave reflection leads to over- and underestimation of local wave speed by the PU- and QA-loop methods: theoretical basis and solution to the problem","volume":"35","author":"Segers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.09.008","article-title":"Increased central aortic stiffness and left ventricular mass in normotensive young subjects after successful coarctation repair","volume":"155","author":"Ou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.08.028","article-title":"Reduced ascending aorta distensibility relates to adverse ventricular mechanics in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: noninvasive study using wave intensity analysis","volume":"144","author":"Biglino","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01837-3","article-title":"Impaired distensibility of neoaorta after arterial switch procedure","volume":"70","author":"Murakami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.02.001","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction after coarctation repair is related to the age at surgery","volume":"99","author":"Heger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-17-6279","article-title":"Histologic abnormalities of the ascending aorta: effects on aortic remodeling after intracardiac repair of Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"47","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0701.092136","article-title":"Aortic wall mechanics and composition in a transgenic mouse model of Marfan syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Marque","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezr032","article-title":"Marked disparity in mechanical wall properties between ascending and descending aorta in patients with tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"41","author":"Saiki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.07.012","article-title":"Large-artery stiffness in health and disease: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"74","author":"Chirinos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/13873954.2013.763831","article-title":"Calculation of arterial characteristic impedance: a comparison using different blood flow models","volume":"19","author":"Hametner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70274-1","article-title":"Aortic stiffness in young patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"135","author":"Pitsavos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.11.059","article-title":"Peripheral arterial function in infants and young children with one-ventricle physiology and hypoxemia","volume":"103","author":"Natarajan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-12-15","article-title":"Arterial stiffness in adult patients after Fontan procedure","volume":"12","author":"Tomkiewicz-Pajak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"}],"container-title":["Heart, Lung and Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1443950621011677?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1443950621011677?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T18:06:35Z","timestamp":1761415595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1443950621011677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1443950621011677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1443-9506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1443-9506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Arterial Stiffness in Congenital Heart Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart, Lung and Circulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}