{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T07:20:43Z","timestamp":1762932043838,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartlungcirc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart, Lung and Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T05:17:28Z","timestamp":1758950248000},"page":"1156-1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Clinical Spectrum of Bradyarrhythmias \u201cTo Pace or Not to Pace\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Vrijraj S.","family":"Rathod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2956-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry G.","family":"Mond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00097.x","article-title":"The architecture of the sinus node, the atrioventricular conduction axis, and the internodal atrial myocardium","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.05.032","article-title":"How does the cardiac impulse pass from the sinus to the atrioventricular node?","volume":"19","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00029.2023","article-title":"Internodal conduction pathways: revisiting a century-long debate on their existence, morphology, and location in the context of 2023 best science","volume":"47","author":"Cavero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Physiol Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.665298","article-title":"Asymmetry and heterogeneity: part and parcel in cardiac autonomic innervation and function","volume":"12","author":"Zandstra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e392","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000550","volume":"138","author":"Kusumoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.47.3.213","article-title":"Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in endurance athletes","volume":"47","author":"Viitasalo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2004.19.3.155","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Hypervagotonic sinus node dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072837","article-title":"Head turning-induced hypotension in elderly people","volume":"8","author":"Schoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.2008.S29","article-title":"Heart block in patients with sleep apnoea","volume":"53","author":"Becker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab364","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"42","author":"Glikson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib11","first-page":"e382","volume":"140","author":"Kusumoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.019323","article-title":"Clinical relevance of arrhythmias during sleep: guidance for clinicians","volume":"90","author":"Gula","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.09.001","article-title":"REM-related bradyarrhythmia syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Holty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.07.007","article-title":"Prolonged asystole during REM sleep: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Sampognaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm O2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000030939.12646.8F","article-title":"Management of vasovagal syncope: controlling or aborting faints by leg crossing and muscle tensing","volume":"106","author":"Krediet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14402","article-title":"Management strategies for vasovagal syncope","volume":"44","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.082313","article-title":"Pacemaker therapy in patients with neurally mediated syncope and documented asystole: third international study on syncope of uncertain etiology (ISSUE-3): a randomized trial","volume":"125","author":"Brignole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12169","article-title":"Identification of left atrial ganglionated plexi by dense epicardial mapping as ablation targets for the treatment of concomitant atrial fibrillation","volume":"36","author":"Kondo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-018-0421-4","article-title":"Electroanatomic-mapping-guided cardioneuroablation versus combined approach for vasovagal syncope: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"54","author":"Aksu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.08.011","article-title":"Cardioneuroablation for reflex syncope: efficacy and effects on autonomic cardiac regulation- prospective randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Piotrowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1985.tb05904.x","article-title":"Survival and follow-up after pacemaker implantation: a comparison of patients with sick sinus syndrome, complete heart block, and atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Alt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu158","article-title":"Clinical significance of second-degree Wenckebach type sinoatrial block identified during Holter monitoring in patients with symptoms suggestive of arrhythmia","volume":"17","author":"Kramarz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050344","article-title":"Where is the level of atrioventricular block?","volume":"142","author":"Bansal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib24","first-page":"169","article-title":"Is Mobitz type I atrioventricular block benign in adults?","volume":"90","author":"Shaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart (Br Card Soc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1158","article-title":"Autonomic innervation of the human cardiac conduction system: changes from infancy to senility--an immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis","volume":"264","author":"Chow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.12.045","article-title":"Syncope due to idiopathic paroxysmal atrioventricular block: long-term follow-up of a distinct form of atrioventricular block","volume":"58","author":"Brignole","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab300","article-title":"Theophylline in patients with syncope without prodrome, normal heart, and normal electrocardiogram: a propensity-score matched study verified by implantable cardiac monitor","volume":"24","author":"Brignole","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"}],"container-title":["Heart, Lung and Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1443950625002240?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1443950625002240?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T07:16:24Z","timestamp":1762931784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1443950625002240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1443950625002240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1443-9506"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1443-9506"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Clinical Spectrum of Bradyarrhythmias \u201cTo Pace or Not to Pace\u201d","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart, Lung and Circulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.04.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}