{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T08:06:06Z","timestamp":1785571566901,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartlungcirc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart, Lung and Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T21:15:35Z","timestamp":1779311735000},"page":"1067-1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frailty Screening and Management in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs Across Canada"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4911-8021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Tsirulnikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikaela","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Munshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhdania","family":"Wawruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Szkolmowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Marzolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6228-9012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey J.F.","family":"Colella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2024.105449","article-title":"Exploring the connection between frailty and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"124","author":"Takefuji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17145","article-title":"Frailty implications for exercise participation and outcomes in patients with heart failure","volume":"69","author":"Mudge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu197","article-title":"Importance of frailty in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"35","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib4","series-title":"Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Companion to braunwald\u2019s Heart Disease","first-page":"31","article-title":"Candidate selection and decision making in mechanical circulatory support","author":"Allen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2019.07.002","article-title":"Evaluating and treating frailty in cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"35","author":"Afilalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144489","article-title":"A novel method for identifying frailty and quantifying muscle strength using the six-minute walking test","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0423-6","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in Canadians 18\u201379 years old in the Canadian Health Measures Survey","volume":"17","author":"Kehler","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0b013e318239f4a4","article-title":"Evaluation of frailty in older adults with cardiovascular disease: incorporating physical performance measures","volume":"27","author":"Gary","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.031736","article-title":"Frailty and cardiovascular health","volume":"13","author":"James","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006809","article-title":"Regional and socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular disease in Canada during 2005\u20132016: evidence from repeated nationwide cross-sectional surveys","volume":"6","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib11","first-page":"221","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation: a comprehensive review","volume":"2","author":"Lear","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.11.012","article-title":"Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on physical function and exercise capacity in elderly cardiovascular patients with frailty","volume":"77","author":"Ushijima","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000537","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with improved physical function in frail older adults with cardiovascular disease","volume":"40","author":"Lutz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad048","article-title":"Association of admission frailty and frailty changes during cardiac rehabilitation with 5-year outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Quach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120560","article-title":"Pre-operative frailty status is associated with cardiac rehabilitation completion: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Kimber","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.12.003","article-title":"Frailty assessment instruments: systematic characterization of the uses and contexts of highly-cited instruments","volume":"26","author":"Buta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2018.05.019","article-title":"Frailty in cardiovascular disease: screening tools","volume":"38","author":"Z\u00e3o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","article-title":"A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people","volume":"173","author":"Rockwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.07.005","article-title":"FRAIL questionnaire screening tool and short-term outcomes in geriatric fracture patients","volume":"18","author":"Gleason","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl041","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale","volume":"35","author":"Rolfson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00937-y","article-title":"Evaluation of frailty in geriatric patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac procedure: results of a prospective, cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","article-title":"Frailty consensus: a call to action","volume":"14","author":"Morley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2019.06.005","article-title":"An integrative review on screening for frailty in acute care: accuracy, barriers to implementation and adoption strategies","volume":"40","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib26","first-page":"S252","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation availability and delivery in Canada: how does it compare with other high-income countries?","volume":"34","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2020.01.007","article-title":"Inclusion of people poststroke in cardiac rehabilitation programs in Canada: a missed opportunity for referral","volume":"2","author":"Toma","year":"2020","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.12.018","article-title":"Inclusion of people with peripheral artery disease in cardiac rehabilitation programs: a pan-Canadian survey","volume":"30","author":"Ahden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib29","series-title":"Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method","first-page":"509","author":"Dillman","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0084-2","article-title":"A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans","volume":"16","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib31","series-title":"Missing Data","author":"Allison","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.06.007","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation availability and density around the globe","volume":"13","author":"Turk-Adawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155354","article-title":"Understanding frailty in cardiac rehabilitation: a scoping review of prevalence, measurement, sex and gender considerations, and barriers to completion","volume":"14","author":"Carson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2017.09.004","article-title":"Frailty screening and interventions: considerations for clinical practice","volume":"34","author":"Walston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae239","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"MacEachern","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S130794","article-title":"Effects of multi-domain interventions in (pre)frail elderly on frailty, functional, and cognitive status: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Dedeyne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.001420","article-title":"Exercise training as therapy for heart failure: current status and future directions","volume":"8","author":"Fleg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.01.001","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation in older adults: apropos yet significantly underutilized","volume":"70","author":"Lutz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2014.01.002","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly","volume":"57","author":"Menezes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib40","first-page":"482","article-title":"Association between cardiac rehabilitation and frailty","volume":"36","author":"Kehler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib41","volume":"13","author":"Ritchey","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000492","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation in frail older adults with cardiovascular disease: a new diagnostic and treatment paradigm","volume":"40","author":"Flint","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"}],"container-title":["Heart, Lung and Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1443950626000545?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1443950626000545?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:48:14Z","timestamp":1785527294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1443950626000545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1443950626000545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1443-9506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1443-9506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Frailty Screening and Management in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs Across Canada","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart, Lung and Circulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2025.12.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}