{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:46:29Z","timestamp":1791924389249,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009727","name":"The Hospital Research Foundation Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartlungcirc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart, Lung and Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:03:43Z","timestamp":1791835423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Quo Vadis for COVADIS Diagnostic Criteria"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4294-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F.","family":"Beltrame","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-8636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo G.","family":"Camici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Crea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Escaned","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl J.","family":"Pepine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Sechtem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim P.","family":"van de Hoef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Zeitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9933-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Noel","family":"Bairey Merz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib2","first-page":"2565","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina","volume":"38","author":"Beltrame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for microvascular angina","volume":"250","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz425","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes","volume":"41","author":"Knuuti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503","volume":"41","author":"Kunadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib6","first-page":"e368","article-title":"AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"144","author":"Gulati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae177","article-title":"2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes","volume":"45","author":"Vrints","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065656","article-title":"Myocardial ischemic syndromes: a new nomenclature to harmonize evolving international clinical practice guidelines","volume":"150","author":"Boden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.04.003","article-title":"2023 AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: A report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"82","author":"Virani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.06.043","article-title":"Comprehensive management of ANOCA, part 1-definition, patient population, and diagnosis: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"82","author":"Samuels","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.006","article-title":"Stratified medical therapy using invasive coronary function testing in angina: the CorMicA trial","volume":"72","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023207","article-title":"Prevalence of coronary microvascular disease and coronary vasospasm in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Mileva","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2025.09.049","article-title":"Comparison of international expert working group algorithms for diagnosing angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2025.11.017","article-title":"Toward consensus in angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries diagnostics and beyond trial and error","volume":"18","author":"Toleva","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(59)90003-8","article-title":"A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report","volume":"27","author":"Prinzmetal","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92164-X","article-title":"Coronary vasospasm in angina pectoris","volume":"1","author":"Maseri","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-22-0779","article-title":"JCS\/CVIT\/JCC 2023 guideline focused update on diagnosis and treatment of vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) and coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"87","author":"Hokimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-66-0098","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) (JCS 2013)","volume":"78","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90743-7","article-title":"Physiologic basis for assessing critical coronary stenosis. Instantaneous flow response and regional distribution during coronary hyperemia as measures of coronary flow reserve","volume":"33","author":"Gould","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(88)90449-4","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of intracoronary injection of acetylcholine for the induction of coronary artery spasm","volume":"12","author":"Okumura","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-060602","article-title":"Management of ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA)","volume":"375","author":"Beltrame","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2024.04.299","article-title":"Protocol variation in functional coronary angiography among patients with suspected angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries: A nationwide snapshot of current practice within Australia and New Zealand","volume":"33","author":"Spiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2023.07.020","article-title":"Insights into the invasive diagnostic challenges of coronary artery vasospasm - a systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Rehan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90409-3","article-title":"Visual versus quantitative assessment of the severity of coronary artery stenoses: can the angiographer\u2019s eye be reeducated?","volume":"126","author":"Danchin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2015.12.024","article-title":"Factors associated with errors in visual estimation of the functional significance of coronary lesions","volume":"69","author":"L\u00f3pez-Palop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018747","article-title":"Significance of intermediate values of fractional flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"133","author":"Adjedj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf839","article-title":"Endotypes of angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a prospective multicentre study","volume":"47","author":"Miner","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2024.05.024","article-title":"Association between coronary artery spasm and atherosclerotic disease","volume":"18","author":"Peeters","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.002485","article-title":"Microvascular coronary artery spasm presents distinctive clinical features with endothelial dysfunction as nonobstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"1","author":"Ohba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.08.744","article-title":"Air pollution and coronary vasomotor disorders in patients with myocardial ischemia and unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"80","author":"Camilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.016","article-title":"Sex-related differences in vasomotor function in patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"70","author":"Aziz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.015","article-title":"Impact of vasomotion type on prognosis of coronary artery spasm induced by acetylcholine provocation test of left coronary artery","volume":"257","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07329-7","article-title":"Angina pectoris caused by coronary microvascular spasm","volume":"351","author":"Mohri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000000829","article-title":"Epicardial and microvascular coronary spasm in the same patient?-acetylcholine testing pointing towards a common pathophysiological background","volume":"31","author":"Mart\u00ednez Pereyra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.10.003","article-title":"Acetylcholine rechallenge: A first step toward tailored treatment in patients with coronary artery spasm","volume":"15","author":"Seitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2024-003055","article-title":"Prognostic role of con-\/discordant coronary flow reserve and microvascular resistance in coronary microvascular disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Al-Gully","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab775","article-title":"Coronary flow reserve and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Kelshiker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-023-02948-1","article-title":"The prognostic value of coronary flow reserve in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease and microvascular dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis with focus on imaging modality and sex difference","volume":"39","author":"Jensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.025171","article-title":"Clinical relevance of ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries according to coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.054","article-title":"Coronary microvascular reactivity to adenosine predicts adverse outcome in women evaluated for suspected ischemia results from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study","volume":"55","author":"Pepine","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib41","first-page":"454","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies across cardiovascular diseases","volume":"24","author":"Scarica","year":"2025","journal-title":"Excli J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.042","article-title":"Coronary microvascular disease pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic options: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"72","author":"Taqueti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00279-8","article-title":"Effects of short-term treatment of nicorandil on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and abnormal cardiac autonomic activity in microvascular angina","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20935","article-title":"Effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition on microvascular coronary dysfunction in women: a Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) ancillary study","volume":"34","author":"Denardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.03.015","article-title":"Comparison of Doppler flow velocity and thermodilution derived indexes of coronary physiology","volume":"15","author":"Demir","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.12.012","article-title":"Microvascular resistance reserve to assess microvascular dysfunction in ANOCA patients","volume":"16","author":"de Vos","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.09.027","article-title":"Continuous vs bolus thermodilution to assess microvascular resistance reserve","volume":"16","author":"Gallinoro","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.002857","article-title":"Integrated physiologic assessment of ischemic heart disease in real-world practice using index of microcirculatory resistance and fractional flow reserve: insights from the International Index of Microcirculatory Resistance Registry","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005361","article-title":"Invasive assessment of the coronary microvasculature: the index of microcirculatory resistance","volume":"10","author":"Fearon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-16-00525","article-title":"Influence of the amount of myocardium subtended to a coronary stenosis on the index of microcirculatory resistance. Implications for the invasive assessment of microcirculatory function in ischaemic heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Echavarr\u00eda-Pinto","year":"2017","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027664","article-title":"Coronary slow flow is not diagnostic of microvascular dysfunction in patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"12","author":"Dutta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2024.02.025","article-title":"Angiographic coronary slow flow is not a valid surrogate for invasively diagnosed coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Mayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2025.107287","article-title":"Functional coronary angiogram findings in angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries patients with coronary slow flow","volume":"292","author":"Girolamo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2024.02.006","article-title":"Flowing beyond conventions: rethinking coronary slow flow in the diagnosis of microvascular dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Korjian","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2020.05.052","article-title":"Assessment of vascular dysfunction in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease: why, how, and when","volume":"13","author":"Ford","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.385","article-title":"Safety of provocative testing with intracoronary acetylcholine and implications for standard protocols","volume":"79","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2024.09.012","article-title":"Functional coronary angiography for the diagnosis of coronary vasomotor disorders","volume":"34","author":"Ford","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-320718","article-title":"Invasive coronary physiology in patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease: a consensus document from the coronary microvascular dysfunction workstream of the British Heart Foundation\/National Institute for Health Research Partnership","volume":"109","author":"Perera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.051","article-title":"Physiological stratification of patients with angina due to coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"75","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu427","article-title":"2014 William Harvey Lecture: importance of coronary vasomotion abnormalities-from bench to bedside","volume":"35","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2022.47","article-title":"Management of coronary artery spasm","volume":"18","author":"Lanza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00450-6","article-title":"Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X","volume":"84","author":"Lanza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(80)90080-6","article-title":"Refractory ergonovine-induced coronary vasospasm: importance of intracoronary nitroglycerin","volume":"46","author":"Buxton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00646-X","article-title":"Safety and clinical impact of ergonovine stress echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary vasospasm","volume":"35","author":"Song","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.12.015","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion PET for the detection and reporting of coronary microvascular dysfunction: a JACC: cardiovascular imaging expert panel statement","volume":"16","author":"Schindler","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.114.002481","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion reserve index is reduced in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction. A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored study from the Women's ischemia Syndrome Evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Thomson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.12.022","article-title":"Automated pixel-wise quantitative myocardial perfusion mapping by CMR to detect obstructive coronary artery disease and coronary microvascular dysfunction: validation against invasive coronary physiology","volume":"12","author":"Kotecha","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.02.011","article-title":"Coronary flow velocity reserve assessed by transthoracic Doppler: the iPOWER study: factors influencing feasibility and quality","volume":"29","author":"Michelsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.004","article-title":"Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography compared with positron emission tomography for assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction: the iPOWER study","volume":"228","author":"Michelsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.731059","article-title":"Pathophysiologic basis and diagnostic approaches for ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.08.067","article-title":"The coronary microvascular angina cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging trial: rationale and design","volume":"265","author":"Bradley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.018","article-title":"Prognostic stratification of patients with vasospastic angina: a comprehensive clinical risk score developed by the Japanese coronary spasm association","volume":"62","author":"Takagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-013-0615-9","article-title":"Coronary vasomotor abnormalities in patients with stable angina after successful stent implantation but without in-stent restenosis","volume":"103","author":"Ong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Heart, Lung and Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1443950626005020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1443950626005020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:59:16Z","timestamp":1791921556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1443950626005020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S1443950626005020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1443-9506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1443-9506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Quo Vadis for COVADIS Diagnostic Criteria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart, Lung and Circulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2026.06.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}