{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:09:21Z","timestamp":1787508561563,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T02:14:24Z","timestamp":1557454464000},"page":"597-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Central Nervous System Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ugonma N.","family":"Chukwueke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl_5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox158","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2010-2014","volume":"19","author":"Ostrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","article-title":"The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"127","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.8021","article-title":"Natural history of CNS relapse in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a 20-year follow-up analysis of SWOG 8516 \u2013 the Southwest Oncology Group","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23551","article-title":"The changing incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma is driven primarily by the changing incidence in young and middle-aged men and differs from time trends in systemic diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"88","author":"O'Neill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.5858\/132.11.1830","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"132","author":"Bhagavathi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24834","article-title":"Primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: an International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group Report","volume":"116","author":"Cavaliere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt385","article-title":"Beyond high-dose methotrexate and brain radiotherapy: novel targets and agents for primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Ponzoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.5.2","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Kadoch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1576","article-title":"Expression of B-cell-attracting chemokine 1 (CXCL13) by malignant lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"101","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0613","article-title":"Ibrutinib unmasks critical role of bruton tyrosine kinase in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Grommes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1024","article-title":"A\u00a0uniform activated B-cell-like immunophenotype might explain the poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas: analysis of 83 cases","volume":"107","author":"Camilleri-Bro\u00ebt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199705000-00012","article-title":"Binding of malignant lymphoid cells to the white matter of the human central nervous system: role of different CD44 isoforms, beta 1, beta 2 and beta 7 integrins, and L-selectin","volume":"56","author":"Aho","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.5.1737","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional analysis of Fas (CD95) expression in primary central nervous system lymphoma of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Baiocchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7332","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09671","article-title":"Oncogenically active MYD88 mutations in human lymphoma","volume":"470","author":"Ngo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0891-2","article-title":"Activating L265P mutations of the MYD88 gene are common in primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"122","author":"Montesinos-Rongen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-10-673236","article-title":"Targetable genetic features of primary testicular and primary central nervous system lymphomas","volume":"127","author":"Chapuy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.7602","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"Grommes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib18","first-page":"261","article-title":"Primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma: report of 248 cases","volume":"92","author":"Bataille","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0210","article-title":"Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: a report from an International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group symposium","volume":"16","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib20","article-title":"Comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma","author":"Grommes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380212","article-title":"Leptomeningeal tumor in primary central nervous system lymphoma: recognition, significance, and implications","volume":"38","author":"Balmaceda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.13.524","article-title":"Report of an international workshop to standardize baseline evaluation and response criteria for primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Abrey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib23","series-title":"Neurological surgery","first-page":"268","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma","author":"Rock","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.393","article-title":"MRI features of primary central nervous system lymphomas at presentation","volume":"57","author":"B\u00fchring","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2171","article-title":"Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging","volume":"32","author":"Haldorsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0946-0","article-title":"The role of surgery in intracranial PCNSL","volume":"41","author":"Jahr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib27","first-page":"641","article-title":"Role of surgical resection in primary CNS lymphoma: a resurrected discussion","volume":"28","author":"Holdhoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy096","article-title":"Craniotomy and survival for primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"84","author":"Rae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos159","article-title":"Surgery for primary CNS lymphoma? Challenging a paradigm","volume":"14","author":"Weller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940815)74:4<1383::AID-CNCR2820740432>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Pathology with clinical correlations of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Massachusetts General Hospital experience 1958-1989","volume":"74","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib31","first-page":"835","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"68","author":"Hochberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.139","article-title":"Prognostic scoring system for primary CNS lymphomas: the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group experience","volume":"21","author":"Ferreri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4814","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.1455","article-title":"Del(6)(q22) and BCL6 rearrangements in primary CNS lymphoma are indicators of an aggressive clinical course","volume":"26","author":"Cady","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.03.036","article-title":"Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07","volume":"21","author":"Batchelor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.9957","article-title":"Intensive chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: CALGB 50202 (Alliance 50202)","volume":"31","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.4.1561","article-title":"High-dose intravenous methotrexate for patients with nonleukemic leptomeningeal cancer: is intrathecal chemotherapy necessary?","volume":"16","author":"Glantz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.11.013","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 93-10","volume":"20","author":"DeAngelis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601472","article-title":"Area under the curve of methotrexate and creatinine clearance are outcome-determining factors in primary CNS lymphomas","volume":"90","author":"Ferreri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e217","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)00036-3","volume":"3","author":"Ferreri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.4910","article-title":"Rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and vincristine followed by consolidation reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy and cytarabine in newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: final results and long-term outcome","volume":"31","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.5062","article-title":"Combined immunochemotherapy with reduced whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01639-X","article-title":"Clinical relevance of consolidation radiotherapy and other main therapeutic issues in primary central nervous system lymphomas treated with upfront high-dose methotrexate","volume":"51","author":"Reni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds059","article-title":"Prognosis after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation as first-line treatment in primary CNS lymphoma--a long-term follow-up study","volume":"23","author":"Kasenda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e388","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)30050-3","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: a prospective, single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"3","author":"Illerhaus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70229-1","article-title":"High-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (G-PCNSL-SG-1): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial","volume":"11","author":"Thiel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001395","article-title":"Randomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"84","author":"Korfel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-017-2423-5","article-title":"Early whole brain radiotherapy in primary CNS lymphoma: negative impact on quality of life in the randomized G-PCNSL-SG1 trial","volume":"143","author":"Herrlinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"14 Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib48","article-title":"Relapse patterns in primary CNS diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now033","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma at first relapse\/progression: characteristics, management, and outcome of 256 patients from the French LOC network","volume":"18","author":"Langner-Lemercier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5643","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0159","article-title":"Treatment of relapsed central nervous system lymphoma with high-dose methotrexate","volume":"10","author":"Plotkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.13.5533","article-title":"Intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for refractory and recurrent primary CNS and intraocular lymphoma: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Greffe de Mo\u00eblle Osseuse-Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire","volume":"26","author":"Soussain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib52","article-title":"Introduction of novel agents in the treatment of primary CNS lymphoma","author":"Grommes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501548","article-title":"Ibrutinib in previously treated Waldenstr\u00f6m's macroglobulinemia","volume":"372","author":"Treon","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23821","article-title":"Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery effectively treats recurrences from whole-brain radiation therapy","volume":"113","author":"Chao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.4755","article-title":"Treatment strategies in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: A 17-center european collaborative study","volume":"133","author":"Riemens","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000435302.02895.f3","article-title":"Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma: International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group report","volume":"81","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.5.8","article-title":"Rare pathological variants and presentations of primary central nervous system lymphomas","volume":"21","author":"Da Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9633-2","article-title":"Primary T-cell CNS lymphoma presenting with leptomeningeal spread and neurolymphomatosis","volume":"90","author":"Levin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01555.x","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement in intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective analysis of 109 patients","volume":"101","author":"Shimada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/2162-3619-1-37","article-title":"Intravascular CNS lymphoma: successful therapy using high-dose methotrexate-based polychemotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Kebir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.02.001","article-title":"CNS prophylaxis in lymphoma: who to target and what therapy to use","volume":"20","author":"Hill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2900080305","article-title":"Secondary central nervous system involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the risk factors","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820201)49:3<586::AID-CNCR2820490331>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an analysis of 105 cases","volume":"49","author":"MacKintosh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291402","article-title":"A\u00a0predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"329","year":"1993","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.6520","article-title":"CNS International prognostic index: a risk model for CNS relapse in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP","volume":"34","author":"Schmitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-07-862862","article-title":"Integration of cell of origin into the clinical CNS International Prognostic Index improves CNS relapse prediction in DLBCL","volume":"133","author":"Klanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"231","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib67","first-page":"699","article-title":"Involvement of the central nervous system by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults. A review of 36 cases","volume":"60","author":"Mead","year":"1986","journal-title":"Q\u00a0J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820f2d94","article-title":"Rituximab monotherapy for patients with recurrent primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"76","author":"Batchelor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20339","article-title":"Immunochemotherapy with rituximab and temozolomide for central nervous system lymphomas","volume":"101","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-01-764209","article-title":"PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed\/refractory primary central nervous system and testicular lymphoma","volume":"129","author":"Nayak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1704610","article-title":"Anti-CD19 CAR T\u00a0cells in CNS diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma","volume":"377","author":"Abramson","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-05-647834","article-title":"Activity of ibrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma patients with central nervous system relapse","volume":"126","author":"Bernard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70140-1","article-title":"Prevention of CNS relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Kridel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.12.029","article-title":"The number of extranodal sites assessed by PET\/CT scan is a powerful predictor of CNS relapse for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an international multicenter study of 1532 patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy","volume":"75","author":"El-Galaly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V124.21.394.394","article-title":"Validation of a prognostic model to assess the risk of CNS disease in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma","volume":"124","author":"Savage","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05756.x","article-title":"Central nervous system chemoprophylaxis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: current practice in the UK","volume":"131","author":"Cheung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4283","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25278","article-title":"Intravenous methotrexate as central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis is associated with a low risk of CNS recurrence in high-risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"116","author":"Abramson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889858819300413?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889858819300413?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:11:47Z","timestamp":1760184707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889858819300413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889858819300413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8588","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Central Nervous System Lymphoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hoc.2019.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}