{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T21:07:53Z","timestamp":1784581673760,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T20:29:13Z","timestamp":1784579353000},"page":"607-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiation Therapy for Liver and Biliary Tract Cancers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Anand","family":"Mahadevan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib1","series-title":"Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts fact sheet. GLOBOCAN 2022","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib2","article-title":"Cancer statistics in China and global epidemiology of liver cancer","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021","article-title":"Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040","volume":"77","author":"Rumgay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.013","article-title":"Global trends in mortality from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"71","author":"Bertuccio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib5","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and mortality of biliary tract cancer","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib8","article-title":"Gallbladder cancer epidemiology: global patterns and trends","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib9","article-title":"HIMALAYA trial: first-line tremelimumab plus durvalumab improves overall survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","year":"2022","journal-title":"The ASCO Post"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.02.005","article-title":"Four-year overall survival update from the phase III HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Sangro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib11","article-title":"Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer (ABC-02): quality-of-life and efficacy analyses","author":"Valle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib12","article-title":"Updated overall survival from the phase 3 TOPAZ-1 study of durvalumab or placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer","volume":"9","author":"Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2021.09.004","article-title":"External beam radiation therapy for primary liver cancers: an ASTRO clinical practice guideline","volume":"12","author":"Apisarnthanarax","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib14","article-title":"The role of MR-guided radiation therapy in liver malignancies","volume":"11","author":"Hosni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30020190","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a brief overview","volume":"30","author":"Matsuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib16","first-page":"84","article-title":"Online adaptive magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy for liver tumors","volume":"80","author":"Boldrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib17","article-title":"Feasibility of online adaptive MR-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy for abdominal malignancies","volume":"6","author":"Henke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib18","first-page":"61","article-title":"The use of proton therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers: liver","volume":"26","author":"Dionisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.2710","article-title":"Multi-institutional phase II study of high-dose hypofractionated proton beam therapy in patients with localized unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib20","article-title":"Radiation segmentectomy: a narrative review of current applications","author":"Vouche","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib21","article-title":"Yttrium-90 radiation segmentectomy: a practical review","author":"Toskich","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib22","article-title":"AASLD practice guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Heimbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib23","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus radiofrequency ablation for recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial","author":"Xi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.5403","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy vs sorafenib alone in hepatocellular carcinoma: the NRG Oncology\/RTOG 1112 phase 3 randomized clinical trial","author":"Dawson","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.01.032","article-title":"Results of the first prospective study of carbon ion radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis","volume":"59","author":"Kato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib26","author":"Combs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib27","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib28","first-page":"2244","article-title":"Ablative radiotherapy doses lead to a substantial prolongation of survival in patients with inoperable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"122","author":"Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib29","article-title":"Prospective registry study of proton therapy for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","author":"Mizumoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib30","article-title":"Selective internal radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","author":"Edeline","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib31","article-title":"Real-world evaluation of chemotherapy with or without selective internal radiotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","year":"2024","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib32","author":"Czito"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib33","article-title":"External validation of adjuvant chemoradiation strategies after resection of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma","author":"Dominguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib34","article-title":"ABC-07 radiotherapy quality assurance analysis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000179678.13285.fa","article-title":"Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is more effective than resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"242","author":"Rea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003114","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: long-term outcomes","author":"Zaborowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib37","article-title":"The evolving role of radiation therapy in the treatment of biliary tract cancer","author":"Grosu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.3702","article-title":"Radioembolization plus chemotherapy for first-line treatment of locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a phase 2 clinical trial (MISPHEC)","volume":"6","author":"Edeline","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.2219","article-title":"Swog S0809: a phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Ben-Josef","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0286","article-title":"Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab combined with stereotactic body radiation therapy in advanced biliary tract cancer","volume":"30","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib42","article-title":"Radiotherapy combined with PD-1 blockade in advanced biliary tract cancer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib43","first-page":"5S","article-title":"Targeted radiotheranostics in cancer diagnosis and management","volume":"59","author":"Jadvar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00652-y","article-title":"Radiotheranostics in oncology: current challenges and emerging opportunities","volume":"19","author":"Bodei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib45","article-title":"PSMA uptake in cholangiocarcinoma: a case report","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012_bib46","article-title":"Incidental PSMA-avid intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on PSMA PET\/CT: case report","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"}],"container-title":["Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889858826000523?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889858826000523?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T20:31:33Z","timestamp":1784579493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889858826000523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889858826000523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8588","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Radiation Therapy for Liver and Biliary Tract Cancers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}