{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T21:09:24Z","timestamp":1788901764515,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32CA60003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA60003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:27:36Z","timestamp":1788388056000},"page":"807-829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Precision Oncology in Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Cancer Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Hannah G.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Kerekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib1","unstructured":"Church JM. Molecular Genetics of Colorectal Cancer. Current Therapy in Colon and Rectal Surgery. Third edition, 2017:273-274."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib2","series-title":"Sabiston textbook of surgery","first-page":"1320","article-title":"Sabiston Textbook of Surgery","author":"Susan Galandiuk","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1834","article-title":"CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer","volume":"38","author":"Weisenberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3967","article-title":"The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Guinney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.126","article-title":"Consensus molecular subtypes and the evolution of precision medicine in colorectal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Dienstmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.01.037","article-title":"Risk Factors for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42542-9_2","article-title":"Obesity and Colorectal Cancer","volume":"208","author":"Jochem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.07.016","article-title":"Low Prevalence of Criteria for Early Screening in Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.5194","article-title":"Prevalence and Spectrum of Germline Cancer Susceptibility Gene Mutations Among Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Pearlman","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib10","unstructured":"NCCN Colorectal Cancer Screening v 1.2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31994","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characterization of early-onset colorectal cancer","volume":"125","author":"Willauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab123","article-title":"Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Early-Onset Stage III Colon Adenocarcinoma: An Analysis of the ACCENT Database","volume":"113","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib13","first-page":"1122","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: Genetic\/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Colorectal, Version 1.2021","volume":"19","author":"Weiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20228","article-title":"Very high risk of cancer in familial Peutz\u2013Jeghers syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Giardiello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.09.033","article-title":"The natural history of familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome: A 24 year review of a single center experience in screening, diagnosis, and outcomes","volume":"49","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16620","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i44.16620","article-title":"Surgical treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis: dilemmas and current recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Campos","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.1322","article-title":"Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline endorsement of the familial risk-colorectal cancer: European Society for Medical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"33","author":"Stoffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.09.020","article-title":"Hyperplastic Polyps and Sessile Serrated Adenomas as a Phenotypic Expression of MYH-Associated Polyposis","volume":"135","author":"Boparai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.03.070","article-title":"MYH mutations in patients with attenuated and classic polyposis and with young-onset colorectal cancer without polyps","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.7.735","article-title":"Deficient DNA mismatch repair: a common etiologic factor for colon cancer","volume":"10","author":"Peltom\u00e4ki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910640613","article-title":"Life-time risk of different cancers in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Aarnio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-008-9325-1","article-title":"Segmental vs. extended colectomy: measurable differences in morbidity, function, and quality of life","volume":"51","author":"You","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.228056","article-title":"Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery","volume":"60","author":"Parry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-015-0755-7","article-title":"Pancreaticoduodenectomy for locally advanced colon cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4409","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.2278","article-title":"Risks of Less Common Cancers in Proven Mutation Carriers With Lynch Syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Engel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.05.003","article-title":"Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"51","author":"Faye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-019-1926-2","article-title":"Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: review of the evidence","volume":"23","author":"Keller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3445-3","article-title":"Advances in Fecal Occult Blood Tests: the FIT revolution","volume":"60","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70213-0","article-title":"Relative sensitivity of colonoscopy and barium enema for detection of colorectal cancer in clinical practice","volume":"112","author":"Rex","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib30","first-page":"187","article-title":"Multitarget stool DNA testing for colorectal-cancer screening","volume":"371","author":"Imperiale","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i28.5086","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening: An updated review of the available options","volume":"23","author":"Issa","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.30.1077","article-title":"Gene expression signature to improve prognosis prediction of stage II and III colorectal cancer","volume":"29","author":"Salazar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31827c1180","article-title":"Independent Validation of a Prognostic Genomic Signature (ColoPrint) for Patients With Stage II Colon Cancer","volume":"257","author":"Maak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0325","article-title":"Genomic classifier ColoPrint predicts recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer patients more accurately than clinical factors","volume":"20","author":"Kopetz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4620","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.4498","article-title":"Development and independent validation of a prognostic assay for stage II colon cancer using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue","volume":"29","author":"Kennedy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.15189","article-title":"A Possible Definition of Oligometastasis in Pancreatic Cancer and Associated Survival Outcomes","volume":"41","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.3116","article-title":"Validation of the 12-gene colon cancer recurrence score in NSABP C-07 as a predictor of recurrence in patients with stage II and III colon cancer treated with fluorouracil and leucovorin (FU\/LV) and FU\/LV plus oxaliplatin","volume":"31","author":"Yothers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5944","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.6147","article-title":"In Situ Cytotoxic and Memory T Cells Predict Outcome in Patients With Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer","volume":"27","author":"Pag\u00e8s","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.4_suppl.009","article-title":"Association of circulating tumor DNA dynamics with clinical outcomes in the adjuvant setting for patients with colorectal cancer from an observational GALAXY study in CIRCULATE-Japan","volume":"40","author":"Kotaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib40","first-page":"198","article-title":"Clinical Updates for Colon Cancer Care in 2022","volume":"21","author":"Fabregas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Colorectal Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3677","article-title":"Combined Analysis of Concordance between Liquid and Tumor Tissue Biopsies for RAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer with a Single Metastasis Site: The METABEAM Study","volume":"27","author":"Kagawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28910","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28910","article-title":"Potential role of nuclear PD-L1 expression in cell-surface vimentin positive circulating tumor cells as a prognostic marker in cancer patients","volume":"6","author":"Satelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib43","unstructured":"NCCN Guidelines Version 2.2023 Colon Cancer. ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70348-0","article-title":"Feasibility of preoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced, operable colon cancer: the pilot phase of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Foxtrot Collaborative","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00046","article-title":"Preoperative Chemotherapy for Operable Colon Cancer: Mature Results of an International Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"41","author":"Morton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713709","article-title":"Duration of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer","volume":"378","author":"Grothey","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib47","unstructured":"NCCN Guidelines Version 3.2023 Rectal Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1555","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13824","article-title":"Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) versus Standard Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4830","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-4906","article-title":"K-Ras mutations and treatment outcome in colorectal cancer patients receiving exclusive fluoropyrimidine therapy","volume":"14","author":"Etienne-Grimaldi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib50","first-page":"735","article-title":"Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: overview of its clinical significance and novel perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Battaglin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.05.012","article-title":"O-8 Final overall survival for the phase 3 KN177 study: Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in microsatellite instability-high\/mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"32","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30422-9","article-title":"Nivolumab in patients with metastatic DNA mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer (CheckMate 142): an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study","volume":"18","author":"Overman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01441-4","article-title":"Role of oncogenic KRAS in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.5906","article-title":"KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab","volume":"26","author":"Li\u00e8vre","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.7116","article-title":"Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Amado","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00605-7","article-title":"Sotorasib for previously treated colorectal cancers with KRAS(G12C) mutation (CodeBreaK100): a prespecified analysis of a single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"23","author":"Fakih","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02752","article-title":"First-in-Human Phase I\/IB Dose-Finding Study of Adagrasib (MRTX849) in Patients With Advanced KRAS(G12C) Solid Tumors (KRYSTAL-1)","volume":"40","author":"Ou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5705","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.0786","article-title":"Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Di Nicolantonio","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.02.057","article-title":"Addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy as first-line treatment for KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: pooled analysis of the CRYSTAL and OPUS randomised clinical trials","volume":"48","author":"Bokemeyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.01.054","article-title":"Predictive role of BRAF mutations in patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab and panitumumab: a meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Pietrantonio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.02088","article-title":"Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab as a New Standard of Care for Previously Treated BRAF V600E-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Updated Survival Results and Subgroup Analyses from the BEACON Study","volume":"39","author":"Tabernero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.3_suppl.15","article-title":"Maintenance treatment with cetuximab versus observation in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: Results of the randomized phase II PRODIGE 28-time UNICANCER study","volume":"39","author":"Boige","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy100","article-title":"Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene in colorectal cancer","volume":"29","author":"Siena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i5.1745","article-title":"Colorectal cancer tumour markers and biomarkers: Recent therapeutic advances","volume":"22","author":"Lech","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87379","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20972","article-title":"Aspirin exerts high anti-cancer activity in PIK3CA-mutant colon cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.7107","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase \u03b1-Selective Inhibition With Alpelisib (BYL719) in PIK3CA-Altered Solid Tumors: Results From the First-in-Human Study","volume":"36","author":"Juric","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.3572","article-title":"Impact of MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 alterations on tumor mutation burden (TMB) and PD-L1 expression in 1,057 microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors","volume":"36","author":"Salem","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.1825","article-title":"Defective mismatch repair as a predictive marker for lack of efficacy of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy in colon cancer","volume":"28","author":"Sargent","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.3536","article-title":"A large multicenter study evaluating prognosis and chemosensitivity of metastatic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability","volume":"35","author":"Tougeron","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2011-100714","article-title":"Correlation of tumour BRAF mutations and MLH1 methylation with germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation status: a literature review assessing utility of tumour features for MMR variant classification","volume":"49","author":"Parsons","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1390640","article-title":"High numbers of PDCD1 (PD-1)-positive T cells and B2M mutations in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Janikovits","year":"2018","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2457","article-title":"Expression of a mutant HSP110 sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapy and improves disease prognosis","volume":"17","author":"Dorard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26473","article-title":"High SMAD4 levels appear in microsatellite instability and hypermethylated colon cancers, and indicate a better prognosis","volume":"131","author":"Isaksson-Mett\u00e4vainio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01234-4","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-590): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"398","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00797-2","article-title":"First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"398","author":"Janjigian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032125","article-title":"Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer","volume":"384","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00323-3","article-title":"Advances in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13975","article-title":"The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system","volume":"76","author":"Nagtegaal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13480","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"513","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3850","article-title":"Molecular analysis of gastric cancer identifies subtypes associated with distinct clinical outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Cristescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2211","article-title":"Clinical significance of four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas project","volume":"23","author":"Sohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61121-X","article-title":"Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Bang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2016-0331-CP","article-title":"HER2 Testing and Clinical Decision Making in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists, American Society for Clinical Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology","volume":"140","author":"Bartley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.3370","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone for Patients With First-line, Advanced Gastric Cancer: The KEYNOTE-062 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"6","author":"Shitara","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04508-4","article-title":"Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab in gastro-oesophageal cancer","volume":"603","author":"Shitara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.0275","article-title":"Assessment of Pembrolizumab Therapy for the Treatment of Microsatellite Instability-High Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer Among Patients in the KEYNOTE-059, KEYNOTE-061, and KEYNOTE-062 Clinical Trials","volume":"7","author":"Chao","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.4_suppl.324","article-title":"Tumor mutational burden as a potential predictive marker for the efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer","volume":"41","author":"Jang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-0121","article-title":"Association of Tumor Mutational Burden with Efficacy of Pembrolizumab\u00b1Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Gastric Cancer in the Phase III KEYNOTE-062 Study","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.7344","article-title":"Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: Etiology, Presentation, and Molecular Alterations","volume":"17","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib90","unstructured":"NCCN. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology - Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma Version 1.2023, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.04.007","article-title":"ERBB2 gene as a potential therapeutic target in small bowel adenocarcinoma","volume":"50","author":"Laforest","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007200","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007200","article-title":"Exome-wide somatic mutation characterization of small bowel adenocarcinoma","volume":"14","author":"H\u00e4nninen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-021-01468-z","article-title":"Extensive molecular reclassification: new perspectives in small bowel adenocarcinoma?","volume":"38","author":"Casadei-Gardini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12020164","article-title":"Asparagine Metabolism in Tumors Is Linked to Poor Survival in Females with Colorectal Cancer: A Cohort Study","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-11383-w","article-title":"Lipid Metabolism in Biliary Tract Cancer: A New Therapeutic Target?","volume":"29","author":"Kerekes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3344","article-title":"The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039743","article-title":"Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-102215-095513","article-title":"Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Colorectal Cancer","volume":"70","author":"Brennan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.007","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Kostic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.008","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Chemoresistance to Colorectal Cancer by Modulating Autophagy","volume":"170","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889858826000638?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889858826000638?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:26:40Z","timestamp":1788899200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889858826000638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889858826000638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8588","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Precision Oncology in Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Cancer Surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hematology\/Oncology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hoc.2026.05.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}