{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:17:45Z","timestamp":1789809465353,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","homeopathyjournal.net","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Zinc is an essential trace element necessary for life. Traditional and complementary medicines use zinc-based formulations to treat different classes of diseases. Basic research on homeopathic preparations of zinc are rare and there are a few published clinical cases describing its effects on patients. The use of cell-based models in drug screening is a reliable source of evidence.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: We sought to investigate experimental end-points using cell-based models to determine the effects of dilutions of Zincum metallicum prepared according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and melanoma B16-F10 cell lines were cultured according to standard procedures. Cells were treated with either 5c, 6c or 30c Zincum metallicum and control cells with its respective vehicle (5c, 6c, or 30c Lactose). Macrophage activation by CD54 immunolabeling and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA (2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) were detected by flow cytometry. Phagocytic capacity (endocytic index) was quantified by light microscopy. Features of melanoma cells were analyzed by colorimetric assays to determine melanin content and cell proliferation rate. All obtained data were submitted to normality test followed by statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: Zincum metallicum 6c shifted high ROS-producing macrophages to a low ROS-producing phenotype. Macrophage CD54 expression was increased by Zincum metallicum 5c. No changes in endocytic index were observed. Melanoma cells were not affected by any treatment we tested.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: Differing responses and non-linearity were found on macrophages challenged with Zincum metallicum at high dilutions. No changes in melanoma cells were observed. Customised assays using target cells can be useful to investigate high-dilution effects. Other cell types and conditions should be explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,8]],"date-time":"2017-04-08T07:15:25Z","timestamp":1491635725000},"page":"171-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Differential effects of Zincum metallicum on cell models"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Jenifer Pendiuk","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luiza Ferreira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Rodrigues","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana Stephanie","family":"Costa Gagosian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Camargo","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Drug Development Process. 2\u20133. Available from: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/ForPatients\/Approvals\/Drugs\/default.htm."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2935","article-title":"Drug safety testing paradigm, current progress and future challenges: an overview","volume":"34","author":"Ahuja","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03216487","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro models, endpoints and assessment methods for the measurement of cytotoxicity","volume":"2","author":"Mahto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Environ Health Sci [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.01.001","article-title":"A critical evaluation of in\u00a0vitro cell culture models for high-throughput drug screening and toxicity","volume":"134","author":"Astashkina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther [Internet]"},{"issue":"4514","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7022654","article-title":"The essential trace elements","volume":"213","author":"Mertz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2015.19.5.389","article-title":"The critical roles of zinc: beyond impact on myocardial signaling","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2125","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and the regulation of tissue remodelling","volume":"8","author":"Page-McCaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"DNA interaction with zinc(II) ions","volume":"64","author":"Zehnalek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00630A","article-title":"Zinc as a micronutrient and its preventive role of oxidative damage in cells","volume":"6","author":"Kloubert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1617-0","article-title":"Current understanding of ZIP and ZnT zinc transporters in human health and diseases","volume":"71","author":"Kambe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2014.01.001","article-title":"Geographical and temporal distribution of basic research experiments in homeopathy","volume":"103","author":"Clausen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-0785(67)80026-7","article-title":"Zincum metallicum, a study","volume":"56","author":"Gibson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br Homeopath J [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-0785(84)80004-6","article-title":"A case of diabetic peripheral neuropathy treated with Zincum met. in low potency","volume":"73","author":"Jack","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Homeopath J [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib14","first-page":"215","article-title":"Treatment with zincum metallicum CH5 in patients with liver cirrhosis. Preliminary study","volume":"32","author":"B\u0103dulici","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-0785(97)80123-8","article-title":"Antineoplastic effects of 4 homoeopathic medicines","volume":"86","author":"Maliekal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Homeopath J [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7168.159528","article-title":"Protective effect of Zincum metallicum on rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"9","author":"Islam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopath [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2015.02.002","article-title":"Cell sensitivity, non-linearity and inverse effects","volume":"104","author":"Bellavite","year":"2015","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.08.017","article-title":"Canova, a Brazilian medical formulation, alters oxidative metabolism of mice macrophages","volume":"52","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21713","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of macrophages following mice treatment with an immunomodulator medication","volume":"104","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-113","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo anticancer properties of a Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) treatment in a murine melanoma model","volume":"10","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Cancer [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2011.05.005","article-title":"Mercurius solubilis: actions on macrophages","volume":"100","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-101","article-title":"Developments on drug discovery and on new therapeutics: highly diluted tinctures act as biological response modifiers","volume":"11","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-411-1_4","article-title":"Identification of ROS using oxidized DCFDA and flow-cytometry","author":"Eruslanov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib24","series-title":"Flowing Software [Internet]","author":"Terho","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2448","article-title":"Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation","volume":"8","author":"Mosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.03.024","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-mediated enhancement of zymosan phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 macrophages is independent of opsonins, laminarin, mannan, and complement receptor 3","volume":"189","author":"Fuentes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Res [Internet]"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00510085","article-title":"Colorimetric growth assay for epidermal cell cultures by their crystal violet binding capacity","volume":"281","author":"Bonnekoh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00228.x","article-title":"Methodology for evaluation of melanin content and production of pigment cells in\u00a0vitro","volume":"84","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002128","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002128","article-title":"Beyond bar and line graphs: time for a new data presentation paradigm","volume":"13","author":"Weissgerber","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Biol [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib31","unstructured":"Prism \u2013 graphpad [Internet]. Available from: http:\/\/www.graphpad.com\/scientific-software\/prism\/."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-008-0474-9","article-title":"CD54 is a surrogate marker of antigen presenting cell activation","volume":"57","author":"Sheikh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00481-2","article-title":"Phagocytes and oxidative stress","volume":"109","author":"Babior","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4785","article-title":"Redox control of inflammation in macrophages","volume":"19","author":"Br\u00fcne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1150133","article-title":"Different pathways of macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"69","author":"Juhas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib36","first-page":"218","article-title":"Biological behavior of malignant melanoma cells correlated to their survival in\u00a0vivo","volume":"35","author":"Fidler","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer Res [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12393","article-title":"Melanins and melanogenesis: from pigment cells to human health and technological applications","volume":"28","author":"d'Ischia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00069.x","article-title":"Melanogenesis and melanoma","volume":"16","author":"Riley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib39","unstructured":"BCRJ. B16-F10 (BCRJ code 0046) [Internet]. Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http:\/\/bcrj.org.br\/catalogo\/cell\/?celula=B16F10-Melanoma-Mouse."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-010-0202-z","article-title":"The rate of growth in scientific publication and the decline in coverage provided by Science Citation Index","volume":"84","author":"Larsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2013.009","article-title":"Integrative nanomedicine: treating cancer with nanoscale natural products","volume":"3","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Adv Heal Med [Internet]"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.51910\/ijhdr.v10i37.525","article-title":"Homeopathy emerging as nanomedicine","volume":"10","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J High Dilution Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib43","first-page":"15864","article-title":"Nanoparticulate hypothesis based on froth flotation","volume":"28","author":"Chikramane","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Publ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2013.08.003","article-title":"High-dilution effects revisited. 1. Physicochemical aspects","volume":"103","author":"Bellavite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2013.08.002","article-title":"High-dilution effects revisited. 2. Pharmacodynamic mechanisms","volume":"103","author":"Bellavite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2009.11.003","article-title":"Animal models for studying homeopathy and high dilutions: conceptual critical review","volume":"99","author":"Bonamin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2015.06.002","article-title":"The use of animal models in homeopathic research \u2013 a review of 2010\u20132014 PubMed indexed papers","volume":"104","author":"Bonamin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib48","first-page":"211","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo treatment of melanoma (B16F10) with a homeopathic agent and with a cytokine (IFN-\u03b1)","volume":"16","author":"Pascual-Carpe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncol Res Featur Preclin Clin Cancer Ther [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib49","first-page":"390","article-title":"Effect of homeopathic medicines on transplanted tumors in mice","volume":"8","author":"Sunila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-230","article-title":"Calcarea carbonica induces apoptosis in cancer cells in p53-dependent manner via an immuno-modulatory circuit","volume":"13","author":"Saha","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inhalation therapy with M1 inhibits experimental melanoma development and metastases in mice","volume":"2015","author":"Ferrari de Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2013.06.001","article-title":"Anti-proliferative effects of homeopathic medicines on human kidney, colon and breast cancer cells","volume":"102","author":"Arora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib53","first-page":"395","article-title":"Cytotoxic effects of ultra-diluted remedies on breast cancer cells","volume":"36","author":"Frenkel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oncol [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem082","article-title":"Dynamized preparations in cell culture","volume":"6","author":"Sunila","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735411400310","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis of tumor cells by some potentiated homeopathic drugs: implications on mechanism of action","volume":"11","author":"Preethi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3831\/KPI.2013.16.024","article-title":"Evidence of an epigenetic modification in cell-cycle arrest caused by the use of ultra-highly-diluted Gonolobus condurango extract","volume":"16","author":"Bishayee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharmacopuncture"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3736\/jintegrmed2013054","article-title":"Homeopathic Thuja 30C ameliorates benzo(a)pyrene-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of perfused lung cells of mice in\u00a0vitro","volume":"11","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Integr Med [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultra-highly diluted plant extracts of Hydrastis canadensis and Marsdenia condurango induce epigenetic modifications and alter gene expression profiles in HeLa cells in\u00a0vitro","author":"Saha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Integr Med [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000433485","article-title":"Condurango 30C induces epigenetic modification of lung cancer-specific tumour suppressor genes via demethylation","volume":"22","author":"Khuda-Bukhsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forsch Komplementmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-9-293","article-title":"Stimulation of lymphocyte anti-melanoma activity by co-cultured macrophages activated by complex homeopathic medication","volume":"9","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Cancer [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20130014","article-title":"Metal ions in macrophage antimicrobial pathways: emerging roles for zinc and copper","volume":"33","author":"Stafford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosci Rep [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2741\/2692","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"13","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Biosci [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2795090","article-title":"The reactive oxygen species in macrophage polarization: reflecting its dual role in progression and treatment of human diseases","volume":"2016","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2014.969421","article-title":"Cellular metabolism and macrophage functional polarization","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of Gelsemium sempervirens L. on pathway-focused gene expression profiling in neuronal cells","volume":"2","author":"Olioso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2005.08.005","article-title":"Phagocytosis, endosomal\/lysosomal system and other cellularaspects of macrophage activation by Canova medication","volume":"37","author":"Lopes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Micron [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib67","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Down-regulation of CacyBP is associated with poor prognosis and the effects on COX-2 expression in breast cancer","volume":"37","author":"Nie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2013.06.001","article-title":"Anti-proliferative effects of homeopathic medicines on human kidney, colon and breast cancer cells","volume":"102","author":"Arora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Homeopathy [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3736\/jintegrmed2013054","article-title":"Homeopathic Thuja 30C ameliorates benzo(a)pyrene-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of perfused lung cells of mice in\u00a0vitro","volume":"11","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Integr Med [Internet]"}],"container-title":["Homeopathy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1475491617300255?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1475491617300255?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:30:41Z","timestamp":1750195841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-4916","1476-4245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-4916","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Differential effects of Zincum metallicum on cell models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Homeopathy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.homp.2017.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Faculty of Homeopathy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}