{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:26:56Z","timestamp":1790364416377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016304","name":"Medtronic Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AF-3613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AF-3613"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["heartrhythmopen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm O2"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T02:05:20Z","timestamp":1664330720000},"page":"631-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Driver characteristics associated with structurally and electrically remodeled atria in persistent atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1197-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurpreet Singh","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohreh","family":"Honarbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakam","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Daw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Earley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Providencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier D.","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross J.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2014.11.004","article-title":"Noninvasive mapping to guide atrial Fibrillation Ablation","volume":"7","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.04.007","article-title":"Ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation using stochastic trajectory analysis of ranked signals (STAR) mapping method","volume":"5","author":"Honarbakhsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.09.177","article-title":"A novel mapping system for panoramic mapping of the left atrium: application to detect and characterize localized sources maintaining atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Honarbakhsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14392","article-title":"Impact of pulmonary vein isolation on mechanisms sustaining persistent atrial fibrillation: Predicting the acute response","volume":"31","author":"Dhillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005421","article-title":"Driver domains in persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"130","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.15420\/2017:28:1","article-title":"Ablation of atrial fibrillation drivers","volume":"6","author":"Baykaner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.859116","article-title":"Updated worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation","volume":"3","author":"Cappato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw168","article-title":"Multicentre evaluation of non-invasive biatrial mapping for persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: the AFACART study","volume":"19","author":"Knecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.014","article-title":"Complexity and distribution of drivers in relation to duration of persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"69","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.01.042","article-title":"Non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging guided targeting of drivers of persistent atrial fibrillation: the TARGET-AF1 trial","volume":"19","author":"Honarbakhsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15644","article-title":"ECG-I phenotyping of persistent AF based on driver burden and distribution to predict response to pulmonary vein isolation (PHENOTYPE-AF)","author":"Dhillon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198204293061703","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: the Framingham study","volume":"306","author":"Kannel","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.046","article-title":"Reverse remodeling of the atria after treatment of chronic stretch in humans: implications for the atrial fibrillation substrate","volume":"55","author":"John","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.18.1894","article-title":"Electrical remodeling of the atria following loss of atrioventricular synchrony: a long-term study in humans","volume":"100","author":"Sparks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn329","article-title":"Electrical remodelling of the left and right atria due to rheumatic mitral stenosis","volume":"29","author":"John","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000090688.49283.67","article-title":"Electrical remodeling of the atria in congestive heart failure: electrophysiological and electroanatomic mapping in humans","volume":"108","author":"Sanders","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000058164.68127.F2","article-title":"Effect of chronic right atrial stretch on atrial electrical remodeling in patients with an atrial septal defect","volume":"107","author":"Morton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.03.050","article-title":"Left atrial remodeling in patients with atrial septal defects","volume":"6","author":"Roberts-Thomson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H634","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00014.2004","article-title":"Direction-dependent conduction abnormalities in a canine model of atrial fibrillation due to chronic atrial dilatation","volume":"287","author":"Verheule","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000151517.43137.97","article-title":"Development of a substrate of atrial fibrillation during chronic atrioventricular block in the goat","volume":"111","author":"Neuberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066915.15187.51","article-title":"Alterations in atrial electrophysiology and tissue structure in a canine model of chronic atrial dilatation due to mitral regurgitation","volume":"107","author":"Verheule","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl360","article-title":"Atrial electrical and structural abnormalities in an ovine model of chronic blood pressure elevation after prenatal corticosteroid exposure: implications for development of atrial fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Kistler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.965541","article-title":"Left atrial wall stress distribution and its relationship to electrophysiologic remodeling in persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"5","author":"Hunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.07.019","article-title":"Structural remodeling and conduction velocity dynamics in the human left atrium: relationship with reentrant mechanisms sustaining atrial fibrillation","volume":"16","author":"Honarbakhsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.07.019","article-title":"Relationship between fibrosis detected on late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance and re-entrant activity assessed with electrocardiographic imaging in human persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Cochet","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1954","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation: a study in awake chronically instrumented goats","volume":"92","author":"Wijffels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00294-7","article-title":"Intracellular calcium changes and tachycardia-induced contractile dysfunction in canine atrial myocytes","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.5.1588","article-title":"Chronic rapid atrial pacing: structural, functional, and electrophysiological characteristics of a new model of sustained atrial fibrillation","volume":"91","author":"Morillo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.04.020","article-title":"Sex-specific efficacy and safety of cryoballoon versus radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"du Fay de Lavallaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors and atrial fibrillation","volume":"136","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.04.004","article-title":"Obesity and the risk of incident, post-operative, and post-ablation atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of 626,603 individuals in 51 studies","volume":"1","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm O2"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666501822002343?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666501822002343?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:25:17Z","timestamp":1762993517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666501822002343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666501822002343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-5018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Driver characteristics associated with structurally and electrically remodeled atria in persistent atrial fibrillation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm O2","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hroo.2022.09.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}