{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:28:23Z","timestamp":1790720903163,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,16]],"date-time":"2006-12-16T07:14:33Z","timestamp":1166253273000},"page":"S1-S6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: A current perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lin Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Win-Kuang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2370","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrilation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors In Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study","volume":"285","author":"Go","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595140","article-title":"Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980\u20132000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence","volume":"114","author":"Miyasaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.983","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study","volume":"22","author":"Wolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072767.89944.6E","article-title":"Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.2.316","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and dementia in a population-based study: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"28","author":"Ott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.10.946","article-title":"Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"98","author":"Benjamin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.155.5.469","article-title":"Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"155","author":"Feinberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90363-8","article-title":"Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly subjects (the Cardiovascular Health Study)","volume":"74","author":"Furberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000140263.20897.42","article-title":"Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"110","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(96)90288-4","article-title":"Secular trends in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Study","volume":"131","author":"Wolf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00500-X","article-title":"The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in incident stroke cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Minnesota: changes over three decades","volume":"42","author":"Tsang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.271.11.840","article-title":"Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort","volume":"271","author":"Benjamin","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.272.3.205","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults","volume":"272","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999\u20132004","volume":"295","author":"Ogden","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1723","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999\u20132000","volume":"288","author":"Flegal","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02981-9","article-title":"Left atrial volume as an index of left atrial size: a population-based study","volume":"41","author":"Pritchett","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.266.2.231","article-title":"The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and geometry","volume":"266","author":"Lauer","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89346-0","article-title":"Left ventricular filling pattern in uncomplicated obesity","volume":"77","author":"Mureddu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.5.1066","article-title":"Impaired atrial 2-cholinoceptor function in obesity-related hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Pelat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80348-9","article-title":"The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba follow-up study","volume":"98","author":"Krahn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2N","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00583-9","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates","volume":"82","author":"Kannel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.20.2471","article-title":"Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"292","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.11.1071","article-title":"Altered cardiovascular variability in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"98","author":"Narkiewicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(86)80432-1","article-title":"Triggered activity induced by combined mild hypoxia and acidosis in guinea-pig Purkinje fibers","volume":"18","author":"Adamantidis","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000018948.95175.03","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"105","author":"Shamsuzzaman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4901.101760","article-title":"C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias: Inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation","volume":"104","author":"Chung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000068337.25994.21","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation","volume":"107","author":"Kanagala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000136587.68725.8E","article-title":"Association of atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"110","author":"Gami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.144.4.862","article-title":"The role of alcohol in new-onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"144","author":"Spodick","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.12.004","article-title":"Long-term alcohol consumption and the risk of atrial fibrillation in the Framingham Study","volume":"93","author":"Djousse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib31","first-page":"3308","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and the risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter\u2014secondary publication","volume":"167","author":"Frost","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.547844","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation in men and women: the Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"112","author":"Mukamal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199902000-00009","article-title":"Calcium sensitivity and the effect of the calcium sensitizing drug pimobendan in the alcoholic isolated rat atrium","volume":"33","author":"Piano","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.72.6.554","article-title":"Influence of increased adrenergic activity and magnesium depletion on cardiac rhythm in alcohol withdrawal","volume":"72","author":"Denison","year":"1994","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00299-9","article-title":"Effect of ethanol drinking, hangover, and exercise on adrenergic activity and heart rate variability in patients with a history of alcohol-induced atrial fibrillation","volume":"82","author":"Maki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000031733.51374.C1","article-title":"Emotional and physical precipitants of ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"106","author":"Lampert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000118535.15205.8F","article-title":"Anger and hostility predict the development of atrial fibrillation in men in the Framingham Offspring Study","volume":"109","author":"Eaker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.7.2455","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults","volume":"96","author":"Psaty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib39","first-page":"15","article-title":"Electrocardiographic manifestations of healthy residents of a tribal Himalayan village","volume":"43","author":"Kaushal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703273361302","article-title":"Identification of a genetic locus for familial atrial fibrillation","volume":"336","author":"Brugada","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000077910.80718.49","article-title":"Locus for atrial fibrillation maps to chromosome 6q14-16","volume":"107","author":"Ellinor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077771","article-title":"KCNQ1 gain-of-function mutation in familial atrial fibrillation","volume":"299","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1086\/425342","article-title":"Identification of a KCNE2 gain-of-function mutation in patients with familial atrial fibrillation","volume":"75","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.05.054","article-title":"A Kir2.1 gain-of-function mutation underlies familial atrial fibrillation","volume":"332","author":"Xia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl143","article-title":"Kv1.5 channelopathy due to KCNA5 loss-of-function mutation causes human atrial fibrillation","volume":"15","author":"Olson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.4.447","article-title":"Sodium channel mutations and susceptibility to heart failure and atrial fibrillation","volume":"293","author":"Olson","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123573","article-title":"Association of the human minK gene 38G allele with atrial fibrillation: evidence of possible genetic control on the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation","volume":"144","author":"Lai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.03.024","article-title":"C825T polymorphism of the G-protein beta3 subunit gene and atrial fibrillation: association of the TT genotype with a reduced risk for atrial fibrillation","volume":"148","author":"Schreieck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000124487.36586.26","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and atrial fibrillation","volume":"109","author":"Tsai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.03.086","article-title":"Relation of 97T polymorphism in KCNE5 to risk of atrial fibrillation","volume":"96","author":"Ravn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.23.2851","article-title":"Parental atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in offspring","volume":"291","author":"Fox","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi727","article-title":"Familial aggregation of atrial fibrillation in Iceland","volume":"27","author":"Arnar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00465-0","article-title":"Familial atrial fibrillation is a genetically heterogeneous disorder","volume":"41","author":"Darbar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052800","article-title":"Somatic mutations in the connexin 40 Gene (GJA5) in atrial fibrillation","volume":"354","author":"Gollob","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527106022661?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527106022661?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T22:08:35Z","timestamp":1555970915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527106022661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547527106022661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}