{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:26:57Z","timestamp":1778628417840,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","heartrhythmjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T14:06:46Z","timestamp":1473170806000},"page":"2388-2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Renal sympathetic denervation for treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation: Reappraisal of the available evidence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wail","family":"Nammas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juhani K.E.","family":"Airaksinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Paana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasi P.","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus305","article-title":"2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation--developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association","volume":"14","author":"Camm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.019893","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation pathophysiology: implications for management","volume":"124","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.139","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.006","article-title":"Autonomic nerve activity and atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.10.075","article-title":"Unique autonomic profile of the pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium","volume":"49","author":"Arora","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H134","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00732.2007","article-title":"Neural substrate for atrial fibrillation: implications for targeted parasympathetic blockade in the posterior left atrium","volume":"294","author":"Arora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.045","article-title":"Left stellate ganglion and vagal nerve activity and cardiac arrhythmias in ambulatory dogs with pacing-induced congestive heart failure","volume":"50","author":"Ogawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62039-9","article-title":"Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Esler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402670","article-title":"SYMPLICITY HTN-3 Investigators. A controlled trial of renal denervation for resistant hypertension","volume":"370","author":"Bhatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2006","article-title":"Calcium and arrhythmogenesis","volume":"87","author":"Ter Keurs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.112.972273","article-title":"Recent insights into the role of the autonomic nervous system in the creation of substrate for atrial fibrillation: implications for therapies targeting the atrial autonomic nervous system","volume":"5","author":"Arora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00955-0","article-title":"Competing autonomic mechanisms precede the onset of postoperative atrial fibrillation","volume":"42","author":"Amar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.02462.x","article-title":"Role of autonomic tone in the initiation and termination of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients without structural heart disease","volume":"14","author":"Tomita","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.20.2079","article-title":"Altered complexity and correlation properties of R-R interval dynamics before the spontaneous onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"100","author":"Vikman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2001.tb00098.x","article-title":"Differences in heart rate dynamics before the spontaneous onset of long and short episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"6","author":"Vikman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.919829","article-title":"Intrinsic cardiac nerve activity and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmia in ambulatory dogs","volume":"121","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.11.040","article-title":"Patterns of baseline autonomic nerve activity and the development of pacing-induced sustained atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.09.030","article-title":"Roles of adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation in spontaneous atrial fibrillation in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Sharifov","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.02.012","article-title":"Triggered firing in pulmonary veins initiated by in vitro autonomic nerve stimulation","volume":"2","author":"Patterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.10.1185","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation produced by prolonged rapid atrial pacing is associated with heterogeneous changes in atrial sympathetic innervation","volume":"101","author":"Jayachandran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2006.00447.x","article-title":"Evidence for increased atrial sympathetic innervation in persistent human atrial fibrillation","volume":"29","author":"Gould","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.08.011","article-title":"Cryoablation of stellate ganglia and atrial arrhythmia in ambulatory dogs with pacing-induced heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Ogawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.959650","article-title":"Autonomic remodeling in the left atrium and pulmonary veins in heart failure: creation of a dynamic substrate for atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Ng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00832.2009","article-title":"The 2009 Carl Ludwig Lecture: pathophysiology of the human sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular diseases: the transition from mechanisms to medical management","volume":"108","author":"Esler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-011-0335-y","article-title":"Sympatho-renal axis in chronic disease","volume":"100","author":"Sobotka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.11.71","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Hering","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971580","article-title":"Device-based antihypertensive therapy: therapeutic modulation of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"123","author":"Krum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-012-0264-9","article-title":"Renal denervation in human hypertension: mechanisms, current findings, and future prospects","volume":"14","author":"Schlaich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.4.878","article-title":"Renal afferent denervation prevents hypertension in rats with chronic renal failure","volume":"25","author":"Campese","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.3181\/0802-RM-54","article-title":"Contribution of renal innervation to hypertension in rat autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"233","author":"Gattone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212313272704","article-title":"Sympathetic overactivity in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"327","author":"Converse","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000034043.16664.96","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve activity in end-stage renal disease","volume":"106","author":"Hausberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00194","article-title":"Substantial reduction in single sympathetic nerve firing after renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension","volume":"61","author":"Hering","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.03098","article-title":"Sustained sympathetic and blood pressure reduction 1 year after renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Hering","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0904179","article-title":"Renal sympathetic-nerve ablation for uncontrolled hypertension","volume":"361","author":"Schlaich","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.03.091","article-title":"Effects of renal sympathetic denervation on the development of atrial fibrillation substrates in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure","volume":"168","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12429","article-title":"Effects of renal sympathetic denervation on the atrial electrophysiology in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu212","article-title":"Effect of renal sympathetic denervation on the progression of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in canines with long-term intermittent atrial pacing","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64611","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064611","article-title":"Effect of renal sympathetic denervation on atrial substrate remodeling in ambulatory canines with prolonged atrial pacing","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-012-9717-y","article-title":"Effect of renal sympathetic denervation on the inducibility of atrial fibrillation during rapid atrial pacing","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078218","article-title":"Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation significantly inhibits atrial fibrillation induced by electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion and rapid atrial pacing","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.120","article-title":"Renal sympathetic denervation suppresses atrial fibrillation induced by acute atrial ischemia\/infarction through inhibition of cardiac sympathetic activity","volume":"203","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124123","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124123","article-title":"Renal denervation suppresses atrial fibrillation in a model of renal impairment","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002453","article-title":"Catheter-based renal denervation reduces atrial nerve sprouting and complexity of atrial fibrillation in goats","volume":"8","author":"Linz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00182","article-title":"Renal sympathetic denervation provides ventricular rate control but does not prevent atrial electrical remodeling during atrial fibrillation","volume":"61","author":"Linz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12171","article-title":"Effects of electrical stimulation of carotid baroreflex and renal denervation on atrial electrophysiology","volume":"24","author":"Linz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.191965","article-title":"Renal sympathetic denervation suppresses postapneic blood pressure rises and atrial fibrillation in a model for sleep apnea","volume":"60","author":"Linz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01728","article-title":"Effect of renal denervation on neurohumoral activation triggering atrial fibrillation in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"62","author":"Linz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.05.036","article-title":"A randomized comparison of pulmonary vein isolation with versus without concomitant renal artery denervation in patients with refractory symptomatic atrial fibrillation and resistant hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Pokushalov","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.03.055","article-title":"Renal denervation for improving outcomes of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and hypertension: early experience","volume":"11","author":"Pokushalov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-012-0529-y","article-title":"Renal artery ablation instead of pulmonary vein ablation in a hypertensive patient with symptomatic, drug-resistant, persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"102","author":"Vollmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06604","article-title":"Persistent Increase in Blood Pressure After Renal Nerve Stimulation in Accessory Renal Arteries After Sympathetic Renal Denervation","volume":"67","author":"de Jong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07492","article-title":"Renal nerve stimulation-induced blood pressure changes predict ambulatory blood pressure response after renal denervation","volume":"68","author":"de Jong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527116307433?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527116307433?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T19:52:17Z","timestamp":1536436337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527116307433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547527116307433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Renal sympathetic denervation for treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation: Reappraisal of the available evidence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.08.043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}