{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:25:26Z","timestamp":1778635526907,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003180","name":"Academisch Medisch Centrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001674","name":"Fondation Leducq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartrhythmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T21:27:53Z","timestamp":1593725273000},"page":"1480-1486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Prophylactic (hydroxy)chloroquine in COVID-19: Potential relevance for cardiac arrhythmia risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Joost A.","family":"Offerhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur A.M.","family":"Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0095-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol Ann","family":"Remme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017013","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017013","article-title":"Current perspectives on coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease: a white paper by the JAHA editors","volume":"2019","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib2","author":"Beigel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1849","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1849","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70187-1","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of antimalarial drugs","volume":"7","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel402","article-title":"Heart conduction disorders related to antimalarials toxicity: an analysis of electrocardiograms in 85 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine for connective tissue diseases","volume":"46","author":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0372-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology","volume":"16","author":"Schrezenmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0","article-title":"Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in\u00a0vitro","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.08.085","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine","volume":"323","author":"Keyaerts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-2-69","article-title":"Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread","volume":"2","author":"Vincent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0156-0","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in\u00a0vitro","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"71","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6027","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000919","article-title":"Rethinking the role of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19","volume":"34","author":"Meyerowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Gautret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2020.01047","article-title":"Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib15","author":"Chen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.04.016","article-title":"COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine","volume":"123","author":"Alexander","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib17","author":"Mahevas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012410","article-title":"Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Geleris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8630","article-title":"Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York state","volume":"323","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib20","author":"Magagnoli"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104762","article-title":"Of chloroquine and COVID-19","volume":"177","author":"Touret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1395","article-title":"Collation, assessment and analysis of literature in\u00a0vitro data on hERG receptor blocking potency for subsequent modeling of drugs\u2019 cardiotoxic properties","volume":"29","author":"Polak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-020-01429-7","article-title":"Chloroquine-induced QTc prolongation in COVID-19 patients","volume":"28","author":"van den Broek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib24","first-page":"264","article-title":"QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine\/azithromycin","volume":"182","author":"Chorin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-020-01462-6","article-title":"The risk for QTc interval prolongation in COVID-19 patients treated with chloroquine","volume":"28","author":"Sinkeler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e208857","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857","article-title":"Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Borba","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pctr.0020006","article-title":"Randomized dose-ranging controlled trial of AQ-13, a candidate antimalarial, and chloroquine in healthy volunteers","volume":"2","author":"Mzayek","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033943","article-title":"Determination and interpretation of the QT interval","volume":"138","author":"Vink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib29","author":"Mercuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.07.004","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and its components as risk factors for prolonged corrected QT interval in apparently healthy Korean men and women","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K70","DOI":"10.1016\/S1520-765X(01)90009-4","article-title":"Spectrum of drugs prolonging QT interval and the incidence of torsades de pointes","volume":"3","author":"Dapro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047293","article-title":"COVID-19, arrhythmic risk, and inflammation: mind the gap!","volume":"142","author":"Lazzerini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.11.009","article-title":"Cardiac late Na+ current: proarrhythmic effects, roles in long QT syndromes, and pathological relationship to CaMKII and oxidative stress","volume":"12","author":"Belardinelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.05.008","article-title":"QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, and sudden death with short courses of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as used in COVID-19: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Jankelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.04.046","article-title":"Chloroquine-induced torsades de pointes in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"17","author":"Szekely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105988","article-title":"Can post-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 be considered as an outbreak response strategy in long-term care hospitals?","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib37","author":"Boulware"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-018-0689-4","article-title":"Cardiac complications attributed to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"41","author":"Chatre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1188-2","article-title":"The arrhythmogenic cardiotoxicity of the quinoline and structurally related antimalarial drugs: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Haeusler","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003040","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003040","article-title":"Factors affecting the electrocardiographic QT interval in malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"17","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib41","first-page":"545","article-title":"Electrocardiogram abnormalities related to anti-malarials in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"36","author":"McGhie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048238","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicities associated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: an analysis of the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database","volume":"142","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib43","author":"Sarayani"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12582","article-title":"Estimates of population-based incidence of malignant arrhythmias associated with medication use\u2014a narrative review","volume":"34","author":"Drici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0442","article-title":"The friendly use of chloroquine in the COVID-19 disease: a warning for the G6PD-deficient males and for the unaware carriers of pathogenic alterations of the G6PD gene","volume":"58","author":"Capoluongo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.111.960930","article-title":"A large candidate gene survey identifies the KCNE1 D85N polymorphism as a possible modulator of drug-induced torsades de pointes","volume":"5","author":"K\u00e4\u00e4b","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.04.045","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility for COVID-19-associated sudden cardiac death in African Americans","volume":"17","author":"Giudicessi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.008","article-title":"COVID-19, clinical trials and QT-prolonging prophylactic therapy in healthy subjects: first, do no harm","volume":"75","author":"Gollob","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.03.024","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and inherited arrhythmia syndromes","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527120306342?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527120306342?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:51:14Z","timestamp":1761547874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527120306342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547527120306342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prophylactic (hydroxy)chloroquine in COVID-19: Potential relevance for cardiac arrhythmia risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Heart Rhythm Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}