{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:43:04Z","timestamp":1783618984269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartrhythmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T21:53:27Z","timestamp":1611611607000},"page":"1012-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Evolution of risk stratification and sudden death prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Twenty years with the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Maron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan J.","family":"Rowin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin S.","family":"Maron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1710575","article-title":"Clinical course and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"379","author":"Maron","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.03.004","article-title":"Global burden of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Maron","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.019","article-title":"New perspectives on the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"65","author":"Semsarian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu284","article-title":"2014 ESC guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"35","author":"Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318223e230","article-title":"2011 ACCF\/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"124","author":"Gersh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00941-0","article-title":"ACC\/ESC clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"42","author":"Maron","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.12.048","article-title":"Contemporary strategies for risk stratification and prevention of sudden death with the implantable defibrillator in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"13","author":"Maron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002103420601","article-title":"Efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for the prevention of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"342","author":"Maron","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.969626","article-title":"Outcome and complications after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Schinkel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.4.405","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"298","author":"Maron","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017633","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children, adolescents, and young adults associated with low cardiovascular mortality with contemporary management strategies","volume":"133","author":"Maron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.01.057","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"93","author":"Jayatilleke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.06.009","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: patient outcomes, rate of appropriate and inappropriate interventions, and complications","volume":"166","author":"Vriesendorp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.01.037","article-title":"Prevention of sudden cardiac death with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in children and adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"61","author":"Maron","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005820","article-title":"Clinical course and quality of life in high risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators","volume":"11","author":"Maron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1391","article-title":"Enhanced ACC\/AHA strategy for prevention of sudden death in high risk patients from a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy center","volume":"4","author":"Maron","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib17","first-page":"3","article-title":"Idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subaortic stenosis. I. Description of the disease based on the analysis of 64 patients","volume":"30","author":"Braunwald","year":"1964","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.099416","article-title":"Evidence that pharmacological strategies lack efficacy for the prevention of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"93","author":"Melacini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.061","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adulthood associated with low cardiovascular mortality with contemporary management strategies","volume":"65","author":"Maron","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0354","article-title":"How hypertrophic cardiomyopathy became a contemporary treatable genetic disease with low mortality: shaped by 50 years of clinical research and practice","volume":"1","author":"Maron","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60397-3","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"381","author":"Maron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.090290","article-title":"Determinants of implantable defibrillator discharges in high risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"93","author":"Woo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.20.1.1","article-title":"Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults","volume":"20","author":"Teare","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030616","article-title":"Population burden of sudden death associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"136","author":"Aro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040271","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-related sudden cardiac death in young people in Ontario","volume":"140","author":"Weissler-Snir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.04.021","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden death initially identified at autopsy","volume":"127","author":"Maron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.9.2488","article-title":"Natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A population-based study, 1976 through 1990","volume":"92","author":"Cannan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.08.048","article-title":"Interaction of adverse disease-related pathways in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"120","author":"Rowin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617","article-title":"Sudden death in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980\u20132006","volume":"119","author":"Maron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.136085","article-title":"Risk stratification and outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy \u2265 60 years of age","volume":"127","author":"Maron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.11.013","article-title":"What do patients with hypertrophic die from?","volume":"117","author":"Maron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012041","article-title":"Impact of sex on clinical course and survival in the contemporary treatment era for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"8","author":"Rowin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032838","article-title":"Association between race and clinical profile of patients referred for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"137","author":"Wells","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.02.007","article-title":"Circadian patterns in the occurrence of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias triggering defibrillator interventions in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Maron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01174.x","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharges in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"31","author":"Kiernan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315159","article-title":"Paradigm of sudden death prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"125","author":"Maron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90384-0","article-title":"Circadian variability in the occurrence of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"23","author":"Maron","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2174\/156652412800620020","article-title":"Beyond the cardiac myofilament: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutations in genes that encode calcium-handling proteins","volume":"12","author":"Landstrom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.134932","article-title":"Late sodium current inhibition reverses electromechanical dysfunction in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"127","author":"Coppini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13855","article-title":"The relationship between the quantitative extent of late gadolinium enhancement and burden of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"30","author":"Weissler-Snir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007094","article-title":"Prognostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the evaluation of sudden death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"130","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.11.071","article-title":"Occurrence and frequency of arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in relation to delayed enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"51","author":"Adabag","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.02.031","article-title":"Prognostic value of LGE-CMR in HCM: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Weng","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.063","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular apical aneurysm: implications for risk stratification and management","volume":"69","author":"Rowin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.781401","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical significance and natural history of left ventricular apical aneurysms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"118","author":"Maron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01875.x","article-title":"Substrate characterization and catheter ablation for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"22","author":"Inada","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01366.x","article-title":"Successful catheter ablation of hemodynamically unstable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apical aneurysm","volume":"20","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.12.020","article-title":"Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"4","author":"Igarashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13194","article-title":"Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and defibrillators: triggers, treatment and implications","volume":"28","author":"Link","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(81)90604-4","article-title":"Prognostic significance of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in patents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a prospective study","volume":"48","author":"Maron","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.03.150","article-title":"Prediction of sudden death risk in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: potential for refinement of current criteria","volume":"156","author":"Desai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00827-1","article-title":"Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an independent marker of sudden death risk in young patients","volume":"42","author":"Monserrat","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01003-2","article-title":"Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: identification of high risk patients","volume":"36","author":"Elliott","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04005-8","article-title":"Relation between severity of left-ventricular hypertrophy and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"357","author":"Elliott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90870-6","article-title":"\u201cMalignant\u201d hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: identification of a subgroup of families with unusually frequent premature death","volume":"41","author":"Maron","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.01.435","article-title":"Risk of sudden death and outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with benign presentation and without risk factors","volume":"113","author":"Spirito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht439","article-title":"A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM Risk-SD)","volume":"35","author":"O\u2019Mahony","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030437","article-title":"International external validation study of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on sudden cardiac death prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (EVIDENCE-HCM)","volume":"137","author":"O\u2019Mahony","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12492","article-title":"Clinical impact of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia recorded by the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"25","author":"Francia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm117","article-title":"Surgical septal myectomy decreases the risk for appropriate implantable defibrillator discharge in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"28","author":"McLeod","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.04.002","article-title":"Impact of effective management strategies on patients with the most extreme phenotypic expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"124","author":"Rowin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006153422403","article-title":"Magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"342","author":"Spirito","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.06.077","article-title":"Role of family history of sudden death in risk stratification and prevention of sudden death with implantable defibrillators in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"106","author":"Bos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.798314","article-title":"Syncope and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"119","author":"Spirito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.045","article-title":"Contemporary outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunction","volume":"75","author":"Rowin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.04.042","article-title":"Prediction and prevention of sudden death in young patients (<20 years) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"128","author":"Rowin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.011","article-title":"Alcohol septal ablation for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a word of balance","volume":"70","author":"Sorajja","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.04.040","article-title":"Risk factors for lethal arrhythmic events in children and adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and an implantable defibrillator: an international multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"Balaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.2861","article-title":"Development of a novel risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM Risk-Kids)","volume":"4","author":"Norrish","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0789","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of pediatric-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and age-specific risk factors for lethal arrhythmic events","volume":"3","author":"Maurizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13413","article-title":"Left ventricular apical aneurysm in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a risk factor for sudden death at any age","volume":"41","author":"Rowin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317702519","article-title":"Risk factors for sudden death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Norrish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.035","article-title":"Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: Task Force 3. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular myocarditis","volume":"66","author":"Maron","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037264","article-title":"Clinical course and significance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"139","author":"Maurizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027828","article-title":"Safety of sports for athletes with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Long-term results of a prospective multinational registry","volume":"135","author":"Lampert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.02.068","article-title":"Genetics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after 20 years: clinical perspectives","volume":"60","author":"Maron","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.08.079","article-title":"Clinical and mechanistic insights into the genetics of cardiomyopathy","volume":"68","author":"Burke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000117098.75727.D8","article-title":"Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide assay in the assessment of symptomatic state in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"109","author":"Maron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.07.007","article-title":"Prognostic implications of point-of-care and serial B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"122","author":"Siriwardena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.05.023","article-title":"Usefulness of electrocardiographic patterns at presentation to predict long-term risk of cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"118","author":"Biagini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.07.057","article-title":"Prognostic implications of the Doppler restrictive filling pattern in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"104","author":"Biagini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.008123","article-title":"Long-term outcome in high risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after primary prevention defibrillator implants","volume":"13","author":"Rowin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.026","article-title":"Back to the future: predicting sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy relying on individual risk markers and physician judgment, without mathematical scoring","volume":"18","author":"Maron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.6","article-title":"Shared decision-making in HCM","volume":"14","author":"Maron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80268-1","article-title":"Inducible polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in a subgroup of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at high risk for sudden death","volume":"10","author":"Watson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198008073030607","article-title":"Termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias with an implanted automatic defibrillator in human beings","volume":"303","author":"Mirowski","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.46.4.637","article-title":"Implanted standby defibrillators","volume":"46","author":"Lown","year":"1972","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.04.017","article-title":"Improvement of sudden cardiac death risk prediction by the enhanced ACC\/AHA strategy in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315160","article-title":"Validation of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy risk-sudden cardiac death calculator in Asians","volume":"105","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib90","first-page":"1791","article-title":"Variable and limited value of the European Society of Cardiology hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sudden death risk model: a meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027738","article-title":"Perspectives on the overall risk of living with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"135","author":"Maron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.4534","article-title":"Mortality among referral patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy vs. the general European population","volume":"5","author":"Lorenzini","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.10.010","article-title":"The Guidant Affair revisited\u2026but this time with good news","volume":"17","author":"Maron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.1113","article-title":"Saving lives one at a time","volume":"1","author":"Maron","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612263352601","article-title":"Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators","volume":"335","author":"Moss","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399","article-title":"Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Bardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.11.018","article-title":"HRS\/EHRA\/APHRS expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing","volume":"13","author":"Wilkoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211107","article-title":"Reduction in inappropriate therapy and mortality through ICD programming","volume":"367","author":"Moss","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.01.001","article-title":"Evaluation of subcutaneous ICD early performance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from the pooled EFFORTLESS and IDE cohorts","volume":"13","author":"Lambiase","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.03.015","article-title":"Evidence that subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are effective and reliable in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Maron","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30842-0","article-title":"Contemporary cardiovascular risk prediction","volume":"391","author":"Damen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.10.027","article-title":"Comparison of the prognostic usefulness of the ESC and AHA\/ACC risk stratification systems for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"121","author":"Leong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.05.047","article-title":"Independent assessment of the European Society of Cardiology sudden death risk model for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"166","author":"Maron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.003","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: present and future, with translation into contemporary cardiovascular medicine","volume":"64","author":"Maron","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1512888","volume":"374","author":"Kidia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disheartening. N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.04.027","article-title":"Importance and feasibility of creating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy centers in developing countries: the experience in India","volume":"116","author":"Maron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019_bib107","first-page":"1939","article-title":"Validation of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology sudden cardiac death risk prediction model among various phenotypes in Japanese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"122","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527121000473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527121000473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:53:27Z","timestamp":1761548007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527121000473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547527121000473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evolution of risk stratification and sudden death prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Twenty years with the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Heart Rhythm Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}