{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:22:23Z","timestamp":1789730543596,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartrhythmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T12:34:07Z","timestamp":1613392447000},"page":"987-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Racial disparities in the utilization and in-hospital outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure among patients with atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelani","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4698-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iordan","family":"Potchileev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Maning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odunayo","family":"Olorunfemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Olarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"de Marchena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.011","volume":"74","author":"January","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.021","article-title":"5-year outcomes after left atrial appendage closure: from the PREVAIL and PROTECT AF trials","volume":"70","author":"Reddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.029","article-title":"Prospective randomized evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure device in patients with atrial fibrillation versus long-term warfarin therapy: the PREVAIL trial","volume":"64","author":"Holmes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.04.025","article-title":"Left atrial appendage closure as an alternative to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a patient-level meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61343-X","article-title":"Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial","volume":"374","author":"Holmes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.09.064","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy in continued access left atrial appendage closure registries","volume":"74","author":"Holmes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14804","article-title":"Contemporary procedural trends of Watchman percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Munir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0542","article-title":"Practical guide to surgical data sets: healthcare cost and utilization project national inpatient sample (NIS)","volume":"153","author":"Stulberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17653","article-title":"Adherence to methodological standards in research using the national inpatient sample","volume":"318","author":"Khera","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.003846","article-title":"With great power comes great responsibility: big data research from the National Inpatient Sample","volume":"10","author":"Khera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Von Elm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.09.018","article-title":"Incidence and causes of in-hospital outcomes and 30-day readmissions after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: a US nationwide retrospective cohort study using claims data","volume":"17","author":"Vuddanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12664","article-title":"Racial differences in takotsubo cardiomyopathy outcomes in a large nationwide sample","volume":"7","author":"Zaghlol","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa219","article-title":"Utilization and procedural adverse outcomes associated with Watchman device implantation","volume":"23","author":"Khalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib15","series-title":"Population 65 Years and Older in the United States","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib16","first-page":"237","article-title":"Racial differences in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among males","volume":"100","author":"Borzecki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002492","article-title":"Rates of atrial fibrillation in black versus white patients with pacemakers","volume":"5","author":"Kamel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12066","article-title":"Ethnic differences in atrial fibrillation identified using implanted cardiac devices","volume":"24","author":"LAU","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.11.024","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation incidence and risk factors in relation to race-ethnicity and the population attributable fraction of atrial fibrillation risk factors: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib20","first-page":"906","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among older adults\u2014a cross-sectional study","volume":"102","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.05.019","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence, management, and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Ugowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006350","article-title":"Lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation by race and socioeconomic status: ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities)","volume":"11","author":"Mou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.1025","article-title":"Racial differences in atrial fibrillation-related cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"1","author":"Magnani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.03.031","article-title":"Race-and sex-related differences in care for patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"Bhave","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.01.040","article-title":"Gender, race, and health insurance status in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"117","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.3945","article-title":"Association of race\/ethnicity with oral anticoagulant use in patients with atrial fibrillation: findings from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation II","volume":"3","author":"Essien","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.03.008","article-title":"Racial disparities and democratization of health care: a focus on TAVR in the United States","volume":"224","author":"Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012125","article-title":"Racial disparities in the utilization and outcomes of structural heart disease interventions in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Alkhouli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.03.007","article-title":"Racial disparities in the utilization and outcomes of TAVR: TVT registry report","volume":"12","author":"Alkhouli","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.15192","article-title":"Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure vs warfarin for atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"312","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.03.002","article-title":"Outcomes following urgent\/emergent transcatheter aortic valve replacement: insights from the STS\/ACC TVT registry","volume":"11","author":"Kolte","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.1172","article-title":"Understanding limitations of the National Inpatient Sample to facilitate its proper use","volume":"154","author":"Mori","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527121001302?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527121001302?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:53:10Z","timestamp":1761547990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527121001302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547527121001302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial disparities in the utilization and in-hospital outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure among patients with atrial fibrillation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Heart Rhythm Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}