{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:28:17Z","timestamp":1793107697405,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2OD028190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2OD028190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HL078931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HL078931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL133294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL133294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL134346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL134346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL134709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL134709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL139829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL139829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013015","name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartrhythmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:21:23Z","timestamp":1648588883000},"page":"1369-1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["R-on-T and the initiation of reentry revisited: Integrating old and new concepts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5217-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhilin","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Olcese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrayr","family":"Karagueuzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Garfinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.21.2334","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death","volume":"98","author":"Zipes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10F","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00477-3","article-title":"Frequency of sudden cardiac death and profiles of risk","volume":"80","author":"Myerburg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021014-071622","article-title":"Mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias: from molecular fluctuations to electrical turbulence","volume":"77","author":"Qu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib4","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation: rotors or foci?","volume":"10","author":"Aras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Both! Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10409","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504511102","article-title":"Multistable spatiotemporal patterns of cardiac activity","volume":"102","author":"Glass","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.2.297","article-title":"Ventricular premature complexes and sudden death after myocardial infarction","volume":"64","author":"Ruberman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197710062971404","article-title":"Ventricular premature beats and mortality after myocardial infarction","volume":"297","author":"Ruberman","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.69.2.250","article-title":"The relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality in the 2 years after myocardial infarction","volume":"69","author":"Bigger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus415","article-title":"Patterns of ectopy leading to increased risk of fatal or near-fatal cardiac arrhythmia in patients with depressed left ventricular function after an acute myocardial infarction","author":"Lerma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.11.1.23","article-title":"R waves interrupting T waves","volume":"11","author":"Smirk","year":"1949","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(60)90265-4","article-title":"A myocardial syndrome: with particular reference to the occurrence of sudden death and of premature systoles interrupting antecedent T waves","volume":"6","author":"Smirk","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.38.4.415","article-title":"Electrocardiographic antecedents of primary ventricular fibrillation. Value of the R-on-T phenomenon in myocardial infarction","volume":"38","author":"El-Sherif","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-2-221","article-title":"The \"R-on-T\" phenomenon: an update and critical review","volume":"88","author":"Engel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(78)90085-6","article-title":"The importance of R on T phenomenon","volume":"96","author":"Chou","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.46.4.351","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias in first 12 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Natural history study","volume":"46","author":"Campbell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00734-1","article-title":"Significance of R-on-T phenomenon in early ventricular tachyarrhythmia susceptibility after acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era","volume":"85","author":"Chiladakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1997.tb00997.x","article-title":"Mode of onset of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Viskin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00932-3","article-title":"Mode of onset of ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome detected by implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy","volume":"36","author":"Kakishita","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192704","article-title":"Prevention of torsade de pointes in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation","volume":"121","author":"Drew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.05.008","article-title":"Mexiletine prevents recurrent torsades de pointes in acquired long QT syndrome refractory to conventional measures","volume":"1","author":"Badri","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.08.074","article-title":"Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia from R-on-T pacing","volume":"53","author":"Ren","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806183382505","article-title":"\u201cR-on-T\u201d phenomenon","volume":"338","author":"Oupadia","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.51.3.357","article-title":"with an appendix by Harold A. Wheeler PD. The refractory period of the normally-beating dog's auricle; with a note on the occurrence of auricular fibrillation following a single stimulus","volume":"51","author":"Andrus","year":"1930","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1940.128.3.500","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation due to single, localized induction and condesor shocks applied during the vulnerable phase of ventricular systole","volume":"128","author":"Wiggers","year":"1940","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.29.4.469","article-title":"Electrical reversion of cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"29","author":"Lown","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.62.6.1191","article-title":"Mechanism of ventricular vulnerability to single premature stimuli in open chest dogs","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.8.2141","article-title":"Cellular graded responses and ventricular vulnerability to reentry by a premature stimulus in isolated canine ventricle","volume":"95","author":"Gotoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501243120401","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of asymptomatic healthy subjects with frequent and complex ventricular ectopy","volume":"312","author":"Kennedy","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960280702","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias: a general cardiologist's assessment of therapies in 2005","volume":"28","author":"Conti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434","article-title":"Evaluation and management of premature ventricular complexes","volume":"141","author":"Marcus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1913.sp001596","article-title":"On dynamic equilibrium in the heart","volume":"46","author":"Mines","year":"1913","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib32","series-title":"The Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse: The Slow Response and Cardiac Arrhythmias","author":"Cranefield","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0031546","article-title":"Evidence for reentry as a mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"72","author":"Moe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.06.042","article-title":"So little source, so much sink: requirements for afterdepolarizations to propagate in tissue","volume":"99","author":"Xie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.10.018","article-title":"Cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis: the road to repair is paved with perils","volume":"70C","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2018.00057","article-title":"Microscopic isthmuses and fibrosis within the border zone of infarcted hearts promote calcium-mediated ectopy and conduction block","volume":"6","author":"Campos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5301.841","article-title":"Paradoxical improvement of impulse conduction in cardiac tissue by partial cellular uncoupling","volume":"275","author":"Rohr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90509-6","article-title":"Analysis of the initiation of spontaneous monomorphic ventricular tachycardia by stored intracardiac electrograms","volume":"23","author":"Roelke","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib39","first-page":"676","article-title":"Spread of excitation in an inhomogeneous medium","volume":"11","author":"Krinsky","year":"1966","journal-title":"Biofizika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.41.1.9","article-title":"Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia. III. The \"leading circle\" concept: a new model of circus movement in cardiac tissue without the involvement of an anatomical obstacle","volume":"41","author":"Allessie","year":"1977","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/355349a0","article-title":"Stationary and drifting spiral waves of excitation in isolated cardiac muscle","volume":"355","author":"Davidenko","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/32164","article-title":"Spatial and temporal organization during cardiac fibrillation","volume":"392","author":"Gray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113945","article-title":"Stimulus-induced critical point. Mechanism for electrical initiation of reentry in normal canine myocardium","volume":"83","author":"Frazier","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00194-8","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death by commotio cordis: role of mechano-electric feedback","volume":"50","author":"Kohl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.06.010","article-title":"Recognition and prevention of commotio cordis","volume":"2","author":"Kohl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.82.8.918","article-title":"Virtual electrode-induced phase singularity: a basic mechanism of defibrillation failure","volume":"82","author":"Efimov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00715.x","article-title":"Quatrefoil reentry in myocardium: an optical imaging study of the induction mechanism","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000174429.00987.17","article-title":"Differences between left and right ventricular chamber geometry affect cardiac vulnerability to electric shocks","volume":"97","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-64-15754","article-title":"Studies on auricular tachycardia caused by aconitine administration","volume":"64","author":"Scherf","year":"1947","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/419132b","article-title":"Biological pacemaker created by gene transfer","volume":"419","author":"Miake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000057996.20414.C6","article-title":"Mechanism of pacemaking in IK1-downregulated myocytes","volume":"92","author":"Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.206078","article-title":"A coupled system of intracellular Ca2+ clocks and surface membrane voltage clocks controls the timekeeping mechanism of the heart's pacemaker","volume":"106","author":"Lakatta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/23034","article-title":"Linking a genetic defect to its cellular phenotype in a cardiac arrhythmia","volume":"400","author":"Clancy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt104","article-title":"Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: beyond reduced repolarization reserve","volume":"99","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib55","first-page":"2510","article-title":"Casq2 deletion causes sarcoplasmic reticulum volume increase, premature Ca2+ release, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"116","author":"Knollmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000235869.50747.e1","article-title":"Arrhythmogenesis in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: insights from a RyR2 R4496C knock-in mouse model","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.8.690","article-title":"Enhanced Ca2+-activated Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity in canine pacing-induced heart failure","volume":"87","author":"Hobai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.107.754788","article-title":"Calcium-handling abnormalities underlying atrial arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in dogs with congestive heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Yeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.10.009","article-title":"A dynamical threshold for cardiac delayed afterdepolarization-mediated triggered activity","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.280784","article-title":"Alternating membrane potential\/calcium interplay underlies repetitive focal activity in a genetic model of calcium-dependent atrial arrhythmias","volume":"593","author":"Lou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E270","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614051114","article-title":"Stochastic initiation and termination of calcium-mediated triggered activity in cardiac myocytes","volume":"114","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.10.922","article-title":"Interdependence of modulated dispersion and tissue structure in the mechanism of unidirectional block","volume":"87","author":"Laurita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000092248.59479.AE","article-title":"Transmural electrophysiological heterogeneities underlying arrhythmogenesis in heart failure","volume":"93","author":"Akar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.080945","article-title":"Vulnerable window for conduction block in a one-dimensional cable of cardiac cells, 1: single extrasystoles","volume":"91","author":"Qu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.080952","article-title":"Vulnerable window for conduction block in a one-dimensional cable of cardiac cells, 2: multiple extrasystoles","volume":"91","author":"Qu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.14.1664","article-title":"Mechanisms of discordant alternans and induction of reentry in simulated cardiac tissue","volume":"102","author":"Qu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809148106","article-title":"Synchronization of chaotic early afterdepolarizations in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"106","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.10.1385","article-title":"Mechanism linking T-wave alternans to the genesis of cardiac fibrillation","volume":"99","author":"Pastore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.175018","article-title":"Origin of complex behaviour of spatially discordant alternans in a transgenic rabbit model of type 2 long QT syndrome","volume":"587","author":"Ziv","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000027564.55739.B1","article-title":"Mapping and ablation of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation","volume":"106","author":"Ha\u00efssaguerre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.193","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias and the His\u2013Purkinje system","volume":"13","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00451-x","article-title":"Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: current indications and evolving technologies","volume":"18","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.738013","article-title":"Dynamic mechanism for initiation of ventricular fibrillation in\u00a0vivo","volume":"118","author":"Gelzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11437","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11437","article-title":"Arrhythmia risk stratification of patients after myocardial infarction using personalized heart models","volume":"7","author":"Arevalo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw073","article-title":"Patient-derived models link re-entrant driver localization in atrial fibrillation to fibrosis spatial pattern","volume":"110","author":"Zahid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.4.1247","article-title":"Comparison of upper limit of vulnerability and defibrillation probability of success curves using a nonthoracotomy lead system","volume":"91","author":"Souza","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.1.186","article-title":"Relation between upper limit of vulnerability and defibrillation threshold in humans","volume":"88","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb01848.x","article-title":"Current concepts of ventricular defibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.655720","article-title":"Catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia","volume":"115","author":"Stevenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1470","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00500.2016","article-title":"Spontaneous initiation of premature ventricular complexes and arrhythmias in type 2 long QT syndrome","volume":"311","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.103.062406","article-title":"Life and death saddles in the heart","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.3.1177","article-title":"Pinacidil-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in canine ventricular tissues. Does activation of ATP-regulated potassium current promote phase 2 reentry?","volume":"88","author":"Di Diego","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(96)00115-0","article-title":"Phase 2 reentry as a mechanism of initiation of circus movement reentry in canine epicardium exposed to simulated ischemia","volume":"32","author":"Lukas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.121.010365","article-title":"Why is only type 1 electrocardiogram diagnostic of Brugada syndrome? Mechanistic insights from computer modeling","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2016.01.008","article-title":"Early afterdepolarizations promote transmural reentry in ischemic human ventricles with reduced repolarization reserve","volume":"120","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275492","article-title":"Mechanisms linking T-wave alternans to spontaneous initiation of ventricular arrhythmias in rabbit models of long QT syndrome","volume":"596","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6865","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271728","article-title":"Perpetuation of torsade de pointes in heterogeneous hearts: competing foci or re-entry?","volume":"594","author":"Vandersickel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007571","article-title":"R-From-T as a common mechanism of arrhythmia initiation in long QT syndromes","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2020.12.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of premature ventricular complexes caused by QT prolongation","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000046046.53721.90","article-title":"Brugada syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.05.024","article-title":"J-Wave syndromes expert consensus conference report: emerging concepts and gaps in knowledge","volume":"13","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1285","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00849.2002","article-title":"A mathematical model of phase 2 reentry: role of L-type Ca current","volume":"284","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut379","article-title":"Dependence of phase-2 reentry and repolarization dispersion on epicardial and transmural ionic heterogeneity: a simulation study","volume":"16","author":"Maoz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.12.020","article-title":"Arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome: defective depolarization, repolarization or both?","volume":"7","author":"Weiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.07.012","article-title":"The pathophysiological mechanism underlying Brugada syndrome: depolarization versus repolarization","volume":"49","author":"Wilde","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.01.011","article-title":"Repolarization versus depolarization defects in Brugada syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Nademanee","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1985.tb05908.x","article-title":"Early afterdepolarizations: role in conduction block, \u201cprolonged repolarization-dependent reexcitation,\u201d and tachyarrhythmias in the human heart","volume":"8","author":"Brugada","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.23.2851","article-title":"Phase 2 early afterdepolarization as a trigger of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in acquired long-QT syndrome: direct evidence from intracellular recordings in the intact left ventricular wall","volume":"103","author":"Yan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1968","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.5.H1968","article-title":"Ventricular hypertrophy amplifies transmural repolarization dispersion and induces early afterdepolarization","volume":"281","author":"Yan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.024570","article-title":"Cytosolic Ca2+ triggers early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes in rabbit hearts with type 2 long QT syndrome","volume":"543","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2005.40677.x","article-title":"The mechanism of pause-induced torsade de pointes in long QT syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.959064","article-title":"Genesis of phase 3 early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in acquired long-QT syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Maruyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002214","article-title":"Synchronous systolic subcellular Ca2+-elevations underlie ventricular arrhythmia in drug-induced long QT type 2","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.10.003","article-title":"Complex excitation dynamics underlie polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in a transgenic rabbit model of long QT syndrome type 1","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2001.00849.x","article-title":"Tpeak-Tend interval as an index of transmural dispersion of repolarization","volume":"31","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2008.07.016","article-title":"T(p-e)\/QT ratio as an index of arrhythmogenesis","volume":"41","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib107","first-page":"H225","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of delayed recovery of excitability in ventricular tissue","volume":"260","author":"Joyner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.81.1.110","article-title":"Alterations of Na+ currents in myocytes from epicardial border zone of the infarct heart: as possible ionic mechanism for reduced excitability and postrepolarization refractoriness","volume":"81","author":"Pu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.03.018","article-title":"Postrepolarization refractoriness in acute ischemia and after antiarrhythmic drug administration","volume":"9","author":"Pandit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.68.5.1241","article-title":"Injury current and gradients of diastolic stimulation threshold, TQ potential, and extracellular potassium concentration during acute regional ischemia in the isolated perfused pig heart","volume":"68","author":"Coronel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.47.2.151","article-title":"Flow of \"injury\" current and patterns of excitation during early ventricular arrhythmias in acute regional myocardial ischemia in isolated porcine and canine hearts. Evidence for two different arrhythmogenic mechanisms","volume":"47","author":"Janse","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.39.6.751","article-title":"Automatic activity in depolarized guinea pig ventricular myocardium. Characteristics and mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Imanishi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.69.4.965","article-title":"Experimental model of effects on normal tissue of injury current from ischemic region","volume":"69","author":"Tan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1126\/science.119.3085.200","article-title":"Excitatory factors in ventricular tachycardia resulting from myocardial ischemia. Potassium a major excitant","volume":"119","author":"Harris","year":"1954","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv149","article-title":"Stochastic spontaneous calcium release events trigger premature ventricular complexes by overcoming electrotonic load","volume":"107","author":"Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007260","article-title":"Arrhythmia mechanisms and spontaneous calcium release: bi-directional coupling between re-entrant and focal excitation","volume":"15","author":"Colman","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2015.03.011","article-title":"Calcium-voltage coupling in the genesis of early and delayed afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes","volume":"108","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1794","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01121.2010","article-title":"A mathematical model of spontaneous calcium release in cardiac myocytes","volume":"300","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000159387.00749.3c","article-title":"Cellular mechanism of calcium-mediated triggered activity in the heart","volume":"96","author":"Katra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.262345","article-title":"Local \u03b2-adrenergic stimulation overcomes source-sink mismatch to generate focal arrhythmia","volume":"110","author":"Myles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.06.019","article-title":"Delayed afterdepolarizations generate both triggers and a vulnerable substrate promoting reentry in cardiac tissue","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.039711","article-title":"Insights into the pathogenesis of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia from engineered human heart tissue","volume":"140","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.2.256","article-title":"Sustained bundle branch reentry as a mechanism of clinical tachycardia","volume":"79","author":"Caceres","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000145047.14691.db","article-title":"What causes sudden death in heart failure?","volume":"95","author":"Tomaselli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00019.2006","article-title":"Altered cardiac myocyte Ca regulation in heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Bers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103213241201","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial","volume":"324","author":"Echt","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510200057032","article-title":"Mortality following ventricular arrhythmia suppression by encainide, flecainide, and moricizine after myocardial infarction: the original design concept of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST)","volume":"270","author":"Epstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00006-X","article-title":"Mortality in the Survival With ORal D-Sotalol (SWORD) trial: why did patients die?","volume":"81","author":"Pratt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80717-6","article-title":"Survival with oral d-Sotalol in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: rationale, design, and methods (the SWORD trial)","volume":"75","author":"Waldo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1310","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00561.2003","article-title":"Effects of Na(+) channel and cell coupling abnormalities on vulnerability to reentry: a simulation study","volume":"286","author":"Qu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.304555","article-title":"Clinical management and prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"116","author":"Yousuf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043587","article-title":"Mechanisms and determinants of ultralong action potential duration and slow rate-dependence in cardiac myocytes","volume":"7","author":"Qu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201411288","article-title":"Targeting the late component of the cardiac L-type Ca2+ current to suppress early afterdepolarizations","volume":"145","author":"Madhvani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.202012584","article-title":"Suppression of ventricular arrhythmias by targeting late L-type Ca2+ current","volume":"153","author":"Angelini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006901","article-title":"Single delivery of an adeno-associated viral construct to transfer the CASQ2 gene to knock-in mice affected by catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is able to cure the disease from birth to advanced age","volume":"129","author":"Denegri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.008420","article-title":"Stabilizer cell gene therapy","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-0679(00)70011-6","article-title":"Current status of the maze procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"Cox","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/16.suppl_G.32","article-title":"Consequences of the Sicilian Gambit","volume":"16","author":"Rosen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527122016964?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527122016964?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:56:31Z","timestamp":1761548191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527122016964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547527122016964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"R-on-T and the initiation of reentry revisited: Integrating old and new concepts","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.03.1224","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Heart Rhythm Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}