{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:39:45Z","timestamp":1793176785168,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016304","name":"Medtronic Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERP-2022-13258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERP-2022-13258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartrhythmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:28:07Z","timestamp":1781764087000},"page":"2405-2416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrocardiographic imaging of repolarization abnormalities in structural heart disease for characterization of arrhythmogenic phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4689-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna B.","family":"Tonko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Waddingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edd","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Whittaker-Axon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Monkhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross J.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehul B.","family":"Dhinoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier D.","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.01.013","article-title":"Dispersion of repolarization and arrhythmogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Coronel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy260","article-title":"Prolonged action potential duration and dynamic transmural action potential duration heterogeneity underlie vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia in patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia ablation","volume":"21","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.6.1356","article-title":"Characteristics and possible mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia dependent on the dispersion of action potential durations","volume":"67","author":"Kuo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.122.011677","article-title":"Heterogeneity of repolarization and cell-cell variability of cardiomyocyte remodeling within the myocardial infarction border zone contribute to arrhythmia susceptibility","volume":"16","author":"Amoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2006","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic ion-channel remodeling in the heart: heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation","volume":"87","author":"Nattel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.204891","article-title":"Transmural dispersion of repolarization in failing and nonfailing human ventricle","volume":"106","author":"Glukhov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw280","article-title":"Traditional and novel electrocardiographic conduction and repolarization markers of sudden cardiac death","volume":"19","author":"Tse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.071","article-title":"Ventricular repolarization dynamicity provides independent prognostic information toward major arrhythmic events in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"50","author":"Iacoviello","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.11.022","article-title":"Dispersion of repolarization in canine ventricle and the electrocardiographic T wave: Tp-e interval does not reflect transmural dispersion","volume":"4","author":"Opthof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.01.010","article-title":"Electrocardiographic Tpeak to Tend interval: the short and long of it","volume":"13","author":"Khakpour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.001622","article-title":"Electrocardiographic T wave and its relation with ventricular repolarization along major anatomical axes","volume":"7","author":"Meijborg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.124.012915","article-title":"Visualizing reentry vulnerable targets during scar-related VT ablation: A novel functional substrate mapping approach integrating conduction and repolarization metrics","volume":"17","author":"Tonko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae271","article-title":"High-density isochronal repolarization mapping and re-entry vulnerability estimation for scar-related ventricular tachycardia ablation: mechanistic basis, clinical application, and challenges","volume":"26","author":"Tonko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.03.002","article-title":"Repolarization heterogeneity in human post-infarct ventricular tachycardia","volume":"8","author":"Callans David","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01305","article-title":"Validation and opportunities of electrocardiographic imaging: from technical achievements to clinical applications","volume":"9","author":"Cluitmans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020153","article-title":"Electrocardiographic imaging of repolarization abnormalities","volume":"10","author":"Bear","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.007120","article-title":"Simultaneous comparison of electrocardiographic imaging and epicardial contact mapping in structural heart disease","volume":"12","author":"Graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007377","article-title":"Evaluation of ECG imaging to map hemodynamically stable and unstable ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"13","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.11.011","article-title":"Assessing noninvasive delineation of low-voltage zones using ECG imaging in patients with structural heart disease","volume":"8","author":"Graham","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2025.02.026","article-title":"Evaluation of noninvasive isochronal late activation mapping in scar-related ventricular tachycardia with electrocardiographic imaging against contact mapping","volume":"22","author":"Tonko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2025.07.020","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of the ventricular arrhythmogenic substrate using electrocardiographic imaging during sinus rhythm: the NIAVAS study","volume":"23","author":"Reventos-Presmanes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-025-02156-y","article-title":"Electromechanical wave imaging vs electrocardiographic imaging: A direct comparison of non-invasive ventricular activation mapping modalities","volume":"69","author":"Tonko","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac224","article-title":"Electrocardiographic imaging demonstrates electrical synchrony improvement by dynamic atrioventricular delays in patients with left bundle branch block and preserved atrioventricular conduction","volume":"25","author":"Waddingham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.04.017","article-title":"Scar channels in cardiac magnetic resonance to predict appropriate therapies in primary prevention","volume":"18","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Somonte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2010.11.015","article-title":"Evaluation of techniques for the quantification of myocardial scar of differing etiology using cardiac magnetic resonance","volume":"4","author":"Flett","year":"2011","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu310","article-title":"3D delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance sequences improve conducting channel delineation prior to ventricular tachycardia ablation","volume":"17","author":"Andreu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.10.066","article-title":"Vector field heterogeneity as a novel omnipolar mapping metric for functional substrate characterization in scar-related ventricular tachycardias","volume":"22","author":"Tonko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321553","article-title":"Mechanism of ventricular tachycardia occurring in chronic myocardial infarction scar","volume":"134","author":"Donahue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28418-1","article-title":"Heterogeneous repolarization creates ventricular tachycardia circuits in healed myocardial infarction scar","volume":"13","author":"Kelemen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3036","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718211115","article-title":"Complex electrophysiological remodeling in postinfarction ischemic heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Hegyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(03)00025-7","article-title":"Electrotonic cancellation of transmural electrical gradients in the left ventricle in man","volume":"82","author":"Taggart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac222","article-title":"Lipomatous metaplasia prolongs repolarization and increases repolarization dispersion within post-infarct ventricular tachycardia circuit cites","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.06.014","article-title":"Coupling of ventricular action potential duration and local strain patterns during reverse remodeling in responders and nonresponders to cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.05.027","article-title":"Monophasic action potentials and activation recovery intervals as measures of ventricular action potential duration: experimental evidence to resolve some controversies","volume":"3","author":"Coronel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.10.010","article-title":"Performance and limitations of noninvasive cardiac activation mapping","volume":"16","author":"Duchateau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr472","article-title":"Electrophysiological abnormalities precede overt structural changes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy due to mutations in desmoplakin-A combined murine and human study","volume":"33","author":"Gomes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2025.09.012","article-title":"Endo-epicardial electrical disarray in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"23","author":"Tonko","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1295103","article-title":"Basis and applicability of noninvasive inverse electrocardiography: a comparison between cardiac source models","volume":"14","author":"van der Waal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.730736","article-title":"Comparing non-invasive inverse electrocardiography with invasive endocardial and epicardial electroanatomical mapping during sinus rhythm","volume":"12","author":"Roudijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib40","article-title":"Effect of scar distribution on transmural and planar repolarization gradients and dispersion in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies with ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"00","author":"Tonko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2024.11.019","article-title":"Transmural activation mapping of ventricular arrhythmias with high\u2013frame rate echocardiography and validation against contact mapping","volume":"11","author":"Tonko","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib42","unstructured":"Lebert J, Deng D, Fan L, et al. Deep learning-based prediction of electrical arrhythmia circuits from cardiac motion: an in-silico study. arXiv doi: 10.48550\/arXiv.2305.07822."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.06.012","article-title":"The electromechanical window for arrhythmia-risk assessment","volume":"22","author":"Deissler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307836","article-title":"In vivo and in silico investigation into mechanisms of frequency dependence of repolarization alternans in human ventricular cardiomyocytes","volume":"118","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01332-5","article-title":"Volumetric non-invasive cardiac mapping for accessible global arrhythmia characterization","volume":"6","author":"Vicente-Puig","year":"2026","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1158003","article-title":"Understanding repolarization in the intracardiac unipolar electrogram: A long-lasting controversy revisited","volume":"14","author":"Stoks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H331","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00478.2014","article-title":"Measurement bias in activation-recovery intervals from unipolar electrograms","volume":"308","author":"Western","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527126024781?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527126024781?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:27:38Z","timestamp":1793176058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527126024781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1547527126024781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electrocardiographic imaging of repolarization abnormalities in structural heart disease for characterization of arrhythmogenic phenotypes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Heart Rhythm Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}