{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:00:48Z","timestamp":1792803648176,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartrhythmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:46:45Z","timestamp":1789688805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use and lower left atrial epicardial adipose tissue volume across metabolic phenotypes in atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Shimojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1444-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itsuro","family":"Morishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Kanzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Arao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoshito","family":"Karasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroya","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Mamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.509","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue may mediate deleterious effects of obesity and inflammation on the myocardium","volume":"71","author":"Packer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.932262","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiac arrhythmias: focus on atrial fibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Conte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12825","article-title":"Role of epicardial adipose tissue in human atrial fibrillation","volume":"39","author":"Takahashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Arrhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.023","article-title":"Peri-atrial adipose tissue inflammation in atrial fibrillation: quantification of electrophysiological effects using electroanatomic mapping","volume":"11","author":"Vickneson","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02703-9","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue is associated with higher recurrence risk after catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00076","article-title":"Indexed left atrial adipose tissue area is associated with severity of atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrillation recurrence among patients undergoing catheter ablation","volume":"5","author":"Sanghai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212644","article-title":"The relationship between enhancing left atrial adipose tissue at CT and recurrent atrial fibrillation","volume":"305","author":"Huber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-015-4387-z","article-title":"Relationship between epicardial adipose tissue volume and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-014-0579-5","article-title":"Association of epicardial and peri-atrial adiposity with the presence and severity of non-valvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"31","author":"Yorgun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074926","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue thickness and ablation outcome of atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Chao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3643-1","article-title":"Increased epicardial fat is independently associated with the presence and chronicity of atrial fibrillation and radiofrequency ablation outcome","volume":"25","author":"Stojanovska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-11-0554","article-title":"Association between epicardial adipose tissue volumes on 3-dimensional reconstructed CT images and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation","volume":"75","author":"Nagashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.08.005","article-title":"Usefulness of epicardial adipose tissue volume to predict recurrent atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation","volume":"122","author":"Maeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.912055","article-title":"Pericardial fat is associated with prevalent atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"3","author":"Thanassoulis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.04.027","article-title":"Role of angiopoietin-like protein 2 in atrial fibrosis induced by human epicardial adipose tissue: analysis using an organo-culture system","volume":"17","author":"Kira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.014","article-title":"Electroanatomical remodeling of the atria in obesity: impact of adjacent epicardial fat","volume":"4","author":"Mahajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1954","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats","volume":"92","author":"Wijffels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00258-4","article-title":"Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation","volume":"54","author":"Allessie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/20.9.683","article-title":"Effects of acute atrial fibrillation on the vasodilator reserve of the canine atrium","volume":"20","author":"White","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.125.043484","article-title":"Temporal changes in epicardial adipose tissue and left atrial substrate after atrial fibrillation ablation: implications for procedural success","volume":"14","author":"Watanabe","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.09.054","article-title":"Changes in epicardial adipose tissue volume before and after cryoballoon ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation: supporting the \u201cAF begets EAT\u201d theory","volume":"22","author":"Shimojo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12124","article-title":"Effect of epicardial fat and metabolic syndrome on reverse atrial remodeling after ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"34","author":"Monno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arrhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.08.003","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and epicardial adipose tissue: a bidirectional relationship","author":"Ha","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.04.063","article-title":"Association between atrial fibrillation duration and epicardial adipose tissue: insights into the \u201cAF begets EAT\u201d framework","author":"Shimojo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.08.044","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the relation of echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue thickness and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Pierdomenico","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01964-3","article-title":"Ectopic and visceral fat deposition in aging, obesity, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an interconnected role","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90756.2008","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training reduces epicardial fat in obese men","volume":"106","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082150","article-title":"Effect of SGLT2-inhibitors on epicardial adipose tissue: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Masson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22798","article-title":"Effects of dapagliflozin on epicardial fat thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity","volume":"28","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.04.014","article-title":"Mechanistic insights of empagliflozin in nondiabetic patients with HFrEF: from the EMPA-TROPISM study","volume":"9","author":"Requena-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-026-02110-6","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with reductions in epicardial adipose tissue volume and thickness: a meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Khanna","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.433","article-title":"Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies","volume":"10","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1214\/09-STS313","article-title":"Matching methods for causal inference: a review and a look forward","volume":"25","author":"Stuart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-026-01304-9","article-title":"Role of systemic and epicardial adipose tissue in cardiometabolic disease","author":"Khanna","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108509","article-title":"Echocardiographic evaluation of the effect of dapagliflozin on epicardial adipose tissue and left ventricular systolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.48009","article-title":"The effect of dapagliflozin treatment on epicardial adipose tissue volume and P-wave indices: an ad-hoc analysis of the previous randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Sato","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02091-0","article-title":"Dapagliflozin treatment is associated with a reduction of epicardial adipose tissue thickness and epicardial glucose uptake in human type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Cinti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2023.05.007","article-title":"Empagliflozin suppresses the differentiation\/maturation of human epicardial preadipocytes and improves paracrine secretome profile","volume":"8","author":"Takano","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvz042","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz042","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide versus dulaglutide on epicardial fat thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity","volume":"4","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102562","article-title":"Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues on epicardial adipose tissue: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Berg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.06.026","article-title":"Fibrate therapy and circulating adiponectin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"230","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527126027876?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527126027876?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:04:26Z","timestamp":1791835466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527126027876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1547527126027876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use and lower left atrial epicardial adipose tissue volume across metabolic phenotypes in atrial fibrillation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Heart Rhythm Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}