{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:35:21Z","timestamp":1793212521588,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL179399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL179399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23CDA1039446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CDA1039446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020292","name":"Pacira BioSciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001674","name":"Fondation Leducq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23CVD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CVD04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL159001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL159001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL164311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL164311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013738","name":"Pacira BioSciences Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartrhythmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:01:45Z","timestamp":1790611305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attenuating cardiac sympathetic tone via cryoneurolytic stellate ganglion ablation"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4371-9207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rami","family":"Aladham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hsin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahil","family":"Haridas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"DeFelice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyue-An","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery L.","family":"Ardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olujimi","family":"Ajijola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3092-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.304679","article-title":"Cardiac innervation and sudden cardiac death","volume":"116","author":"Fukuda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib2","first-page":"e272","volume":"138","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.302549","article-title":"Role of the autonomic nervous system in modulating cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"114","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.929703","article-title":"Neuraxial modulation for refractory ventricular arrhythmias: value of thoracic epidural anesthesia and surgical left cardiac sympathetic denervation","volume":"121","author":"Bourke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.043","article-title":"Bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation for the management of electrical storm","volume":"59","author":"Ajijola","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.11.028","article-title":"Cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias or electrical storm: Intermediate and long-term follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Vaseghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.06.006","article-title":"Efficacy of stellate ganglion blockade in managing electrical storm: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13249","article-title":"Stellate ganglion blockade and bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"28","author":"Cardona-Guarache","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.12.017","article-title":"Stellate ganglion blockade for the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"6","author":"Fudim","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2003\/6\/345","article-title":"Cryoanalgesia in interventional pain management","volume":"6","author":"Trescot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004334","article-title":"Preoperative ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis for the treatment of pain after mastectomy: A randomized, participant- and observer-masked, sham-controlled study","volume":"137","author":"Ilfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.12.004","article-title":"The role of cryotherapy after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Wyatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab006","article-title":"Cryoablation of stellate ganglion for the management of electrical storm: The first reported case","volume":"23","author":"Chatzidou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.06.316","article-title":"A song of ice and fire: Stellate ganglion cryoablation for refractory ventricular tachycardia","volume":"166","author":"Ferrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.960658","article-title":"Prolonged Tpeak to tend interval on the resting electrocardiogram is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death","volume":"4","author":"Panikkath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1091","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00574.2019","article-title":"Fast in vivo detection of myocardial norepinephrine levels in the beating porcine heart","volume":"318","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271869","article-title":"Translational neurocardiology: Preclinical models and cardioneural integrative aspects","volume":"594","author":"Ardell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302589","article-title":"The autonomic nervous system and heart failure","volume":"114","author":"Florea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1020","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00056.2013","article-title":"Modulation of regional dispersion of repolarization and T-peak to T-end interval by the right and left stellate ganglia","volume":"305","author":"Vaseghi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002195","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve stimulation, not circulating norepinephrine, modulates T-peak to T-end interval by increasing global dispersion of repolarization","volume":"8","author":"Yagishita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib21","first-page":"H1796","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying early and delayed afterdepolarizations induced by catecholamines","volume":"258","author":"Priori","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.1.178","article-title":"Delayed afterdepolarizations elicited in vivo by left stellate ganglion stimulation","volume":"78","author":"Priori","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H392","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00644.2016","article-title":"Cardiac sympathetic innervation via middle cervical and stellate ganglia and antiarrhythmic mechanism of bilateral stellectomy","volume":"312","author":"Irie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.131648","article-title":"Cardiac sympathectomy and spinal cord stimulation attenuate reflex-mediated norepinephrine release during ischemia preventing ventricular fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Ardell","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00027.2013","article-title":"Neural control hierarchy of the heart has not evolved to deal with myocardial ischemia","volume":"45","author":"Kember","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.08.022","article-title":"Targeted stellate decentralization: Implications for sympathetic control of ventricular electrophysiology","volume":"13","author":"Buckley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.06.025","article-title":"Bioelectronic block of paravertebral sympathetic nerves mitigates post\u2013myocardial infarction ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"14","author":"Chui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)00815-6","article-title":"Effects of cryoanalgesia on post-thoracotomy pain and on the structure of intercostal nerves: A human prospective randomized trial and a histological study","volume":"20","author":"Moorjani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.776203","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in ambulatory canines","volume":"118","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.01.033","article-title":"Structural and function organization of intrathoracic extracardiac autonomic projections to the porcine heart: Implications for targeted neuromodulation therapy","volume":"19","author":"Dacey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.018028","article-title":"Chronic low-level vagus nerve stimulation reduces stellate ganglion nerve activity and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias in ambulatory canines","volume":"123","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Heart Rhythm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527126027992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1547527126027992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:58:36Z","timestamp":1793210316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1547527126027992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1547527126027992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Attenuating cardiac sympathetic tone via cryoneurolytic stellate ganglion ablation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart Rhythm","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2026.09.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Heart Rhythm Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}