{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:09:40Z","timestamp":1790892580736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart &amp; Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,23]],"date-time":"2010-04-23T08:51:24Z","timestamp":1272012684000},"page":"444-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in asthma exacerbation: The Macklin effect"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kleber J.","family":"Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ximo H.","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib1","series-title":"Trends in asthma morbidity and mortality","author":"American Lung Association","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.5.1616","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of patients admitted to an ICU for status asthmaticus","volume":"120","author":"Afessa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for asthma\u2014United States, 1960-1995","volume":"47","author":"Mannino","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR CDC Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9907151","article-title":"The effect of age and duration of disease on airway structure in fatal asthma","volume":"162","author":"vBai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J\u00a0Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00241-9","article-title":"Characterization of airway plugging in fatal asthma","volume":"115","author":"Kuyper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.3.1081","article-title":"Acute asthma in adults. A review","volume":"125","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.04.067","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a comparative study and review of the literature","volume":"86","author":"Caceres","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0496(200101)31:1<67::AID-PPUL1009>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children","volume":"31","author":"Chalumeau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280104000204","article-title":"Medical causes of pneumomediastinum in children","volume":"40","author":"Damore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199604000-00008","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum in childhood asthma","volume":"12","author":"Stack","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib12","first-page":"188","article-title":"Clinical features of pneumomediastinum","volume":"9","author":"Miura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib13","first-page":"168","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a complication of asthma in adult and adolescents","volume":"122","author":"Lasic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lijec Vjesn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib14","first-page":"19","article-title":"Asthmatic versus non-asthmatic spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children","volume":"23","author":"Chiu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01114-5","article-title":"Rhinolalia: an underappreciated sign of pneumomediastinum","volume":"69","author":"Hoover","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.6.2112","article-title":"Telephone diagnosis of a strange voice","volume":"123","author":"Yoar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2005.05.015","article-title":"Tension pneumomediastinum after severe vomiting in a 21-year old female","volume":"28","author":"Gabor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10295","article-title":"Subcutaneous emphysema secondary to foreign-body aspiration","volume":"36","author":"Findlay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-36857","article-title":"Tracheobronchial rupture due to blunt trauma in children: report of two cases","volume":"12","author":"Cay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2005.46.2.292","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum due to intractable hiccup as the presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Na","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70326-9","article-title":"Complications of mechanical ventilation: a bedside approach","volume":"17","author":"Keith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib22","first-page":"79","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in young\u00a0adults: a benign clinical entity","volume":"23","author":"Alvaro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-200108000-00010","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a shallow-water diving child","volume":"17","author":"Albaugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib24","first-page":"211","article-title":"A case of mediastinal pneumothorax during the course of whooping cough pneumonia and septicemia","volume":"35","author":"Lawadowska","year":"1960","journal-title":"Pediatr Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib25","first-page":"408","article-title":"Pertussis interstitial emphysema","volume":"11","author":"Prasad","year":"1962","journal-title":"Indian Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.09.124","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum and soft tissue emphysema of the neck in postmortem CT and MRI: a new vital\u00a0sign\u00a0in\u00a0hanging by the neck?","volume":"153","author":"Aghayev","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0546(01)79012-X","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium: unusual and rare complication of asthma","volume":"29","author":"Kucukosmanoglu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergol Immunoathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000088450","article-title":"Cardiac tamponade due\u00a0to pneumopericardium","volume":"105","author":"Trujillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01711914","article-title":"Pneumoperitoneum in asthma","volume":"20","author":"dePablo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850600797010","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumorrhachis in bronchial asthma","volume":"47","author":"Eesa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)00851-X","article-title":"Epidural emphysema associated with primary spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"20","author":"Aribas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J\u00a0Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib32","first-page":"1515","article-title":"Fatal acute interstitial pneumonitis complicating polymyositis in a 41-year old man","volume":"49","author":"Aoun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/03009749950155805","article-title":"Dermatomyositis associated with rapidly progressive fatal interstitial pneumonitis and pneumomediastinum","volume":"28","author":"Yamanishi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0318rev","article-title":"Surfactant protein (SP-A): the alveolus and beyond","volume":"15","author":"Kavita","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.5.372","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum in dermatomyositis associated with cutaneous vasculopathy","volume":"59","author":"Kono","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194412000-00001","article-title":"Malignant interstitial emphysema of the lungs and mediastinum as an important occult complication in many respiratory diseases and other conditions","volume":"23","author":"Macklin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.4.g00jl131043","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum revisited","volume":"20","author":"Zylak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1984.00350190143024","article-title":"Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"144","author":"Maunder","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Heart &amp; Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956309002374?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956309002374?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T08:16:51Z","timestamp":1539677811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147956309002374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0147956309002374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2009.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9563","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}