{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T04:40:09Z","timestamp":1750912809953,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070048","82400051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070048","82400051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JJ30849","2023JJ40820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30849","2023JJ40820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011790","name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003536","name":"Youth Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003536","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012232","name":"National Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012232","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartandlung.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart &amp; Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T13:35:04Z","timestamp":1748352904000},"page":"180-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Suppressed autophagy of thymic cells promotes apoptosis and thymic atrophy in COPD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-3524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengyang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pccm.2023.10.001","article-title":"Advances in metabolomics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-016-0561-5","article-title":"COPD immunopathology","volume":"38","author":"Caramori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.09.010","article-title":"Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: similarities and differences","volume":"35","author":"Postma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70395","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with community-acquired pneumonia on inhaled corticosteroid therapy: a comprehensive analysis of risk factors, disease burden, and prevention strategies","volume":"8","author":"Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70068","article-title":"The complex relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with cardiovascular disease and their interactions with COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2160491","article-title":"Prevalence of covid-19 among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and tuberculosis","volume":"55","author":"Muneeb Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e981","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.981","article-title":"Risk factors identification of COVID-19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective study in Punjab-Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.03.011","article-title":"Thymus: conservation in evolution","volume":"246","author":"Franchini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2022.2064461","article-title":"Role of thymus in health and disease","volume":"42","author":"Gulla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.2741\/3866","article-title":"Structure and function of the thymic microenvironment","volume":"16","author":"Manley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2302892","article-title":"Health consequences of Thymus removal in adults","volume":"389","author":"Kooshesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10356","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01660-9","article-title":"Classification of COPD: fostering prevention and precision medicine in the Lancet Commission on COPD","volume":"400","author":"Brusselle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10356","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01273-9","article-title":"Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission","volume":"400","author":"Stolz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3796-y","article-title":"Normal thymus in adults: appearance on CT and associations with age, sex, BMI and smoking","volume":"26","author":"Araki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.12.015","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure induces thymic hypoplasia in mice offspring from neonatal to adulthood","volume":"304","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.06.007","article-title":"Stem cells and the aging hematopoietic system","volume":"22","author":"Beerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13306","article-title":"Primary and secondary defects of the thymus","volume":"322","author":"Dinges","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.628957","article-title":"Comparative RNA-seq transcriptome analysis on pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0019","article-title":"Association of T cell infiltration and morphological change of thymus gland with the aggravation of pulmonary emphysema in testosterone deficiency","volume":"34","author":"Aono","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102115","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in age-associated thymic involution: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0021","first-page":"323","article-title":"Effects of microRNA-21 on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"48","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2019.03.010","article-title":"Bronchial epithelial cell extracellular vesicles ameliorate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in COPD pathogenesis by alleviating M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7986071","article-title":"Implications of oxidative stress and cellular senescence in age-related Thymus involution","volume":"2020","author":"Barbouti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13043","volume":"157","author":"Majumdar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06154-8","article-title":"Autophagy: regulator of cell death","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2239","article-title":"Self-eating and self-killing: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Maiuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0027","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA promotes hypoxia-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells","volume":"23","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012_bib0028","first-page":"195","article-title":"Rapamycin regulates the balance between cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy in chronic heart failure by inhibiting mTOR signaling","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"}],"container-title":["Heart &amp; Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956325001219?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956325001219?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T04:14:32Z","timestamp":1750911272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147956325001219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0147956325001219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9563"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0147-9563"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Suppressed autophagy of thymic cells promotes apoptosis and thymic atrophy in COPD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart & Lung","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.05.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}