{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:02:56Z","timestamp":1789092176740,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartandlung.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart & Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T03:57:52Z","timestamp":1753415872000},"page":"206-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Socioeconomic disparities in In-hospital outcomes and readmission rates among patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis: A national analysis from the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7645-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadhem","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Ismayl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdilahi","family":"Mohamoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Samra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Goldsweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2021.02.006","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, mortality, and access to cardiac services after acute myocardial infarction in Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Moledina","year":"2021","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X15592486","article-title":"Residential zip code influences outcomes following hospitalization for acute pulmonary embolism in the United States","volume":"20","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.101034","article-title":"Economic disparities in utilization and outcomes of structural heart disease interventions in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Ismayl","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0004","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic, sex, and economic disparities in the utilization and outcomes of intracoronary imaging","volume":"3","author":"Ismayl","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0005","first-page":"A14","article-title":"The effects of social deprivation on clinical outcomes in infective endocarditis","volume":"108","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad193","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of endocarditis","volume":"44","author":"Delgado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0007","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Introduction to the HCUP National Inpatient Sample (NIS). [Dec; 2020]. Available from: [URL]. 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0008","author":"Elixhauser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Classifications for Health Policy Research, Version 2: Hospital Inpatient Statistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/003804070708000101","article-title":"The gender income gap and the role of education","volume":"80","author":"Bobbitt-Zeher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sociol Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Estimates of Unit Costs for Patient Services for Canada; 2011. Available at: [https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/estimation-of-unit-costs-for-general-health-services-updated-who-choice-estimates]. Accessed April 26, 2014."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2020.06.001","article-title":"Sex disparities in the use and outcomes of temporary mechanical circulatory support for acute myocardial infarction-cardiogenic shock","volume":"2","author":"Vallabhajosyula","year":"2020","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030848","article-title":"Emerging issues in infective endocarditis","volume":"10","author":"Millar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0014","first-page":"A14","article-title":"The effects of social deprivation on clinical outcomes in infective endocarditis","volume":"108","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0015","article-title":"Incidence rate of infective endocarditis by socioeconomic position: a Danish nationwide cohort study (2000\u20132022)","volume":"52","author":"Martiny","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22100-z","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of infective endocarditis from 2010 to 2021 and predictions for the next five years","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0017","first-page":"153","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"35","author":"Njuguna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2022.05.007","article-title":"Effect of socioeconomic distress on risk-adjusted mortality after valve surgery for infective endocarditis","volume":"35","author":"Strobel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0579-9","article-title":"The effect of socioeconomic status on health-care delay and treatment of esophageal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-192","article-title":"Low income, community poverty and risk of end stage renal disease","volume":"15","author":"Crews","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04565-9","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and sepsis outcomes: findings from a nationwide study","volume":"27","author":"Lusk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001057","article-title":"Outcomes and resource utilization in ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the United States: evidence for socioeconomic disparities","volume":"3","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0816","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and readmissions: evidence from an urban teaching hospital","volume":"33","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000725","article-title":"Medications for opioid use disorder and AMA discharge in patients with injection drug use-associated infections","volume":"15","author":"Nolan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0025","first-page":"688","article-title":"Predictors of readmission in infective endocarditis: impact of homelessness and substance use","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0026","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in use of mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock","volume":"1","author":"Adelsheimer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1258\/jhsrp.2011.010047","article-title":"Impact of socioeconomic factors on in-patient length of stay and their consequences in per case hospital payment systems","volume":"16","author":"Perelman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Health v Res Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16048-1","article-title":"Reducing hospital readmissions among people experiencing homelessness: evaluation of a hospital in-reach programme","volume":"23","author":"Malden","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.4463","article-title":"The pillars of health disparities science-race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status","volume":"4","author":"P\u00e9rez-Stable","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001057","article-title":"Outcomes and resource utilization in ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the United States: evidence for socioeconomic disparities","volume":"3","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"}],"container-title":["Heart & Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956325001736?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956325001736?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T10:01:02Z","timestamp":1758189662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147956325001736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0147956325001736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9563","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Socioeconomic disparities in In-hospital outcomes and readmission rates among patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis: A national analysis from the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart & Lung","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.07.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}