{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:07:38Z","timestamp":1789092458634,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002648","name":"Catholic University of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020621","name":"The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St Mary's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZC25OISI0127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZC25OISI0127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartandlung.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart & Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T01:59:27Z","timestamp":1776563967000},"page":"102798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Changes in shock management and vasoactive therapy after transition to a closed intensivist model in a pediatric intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Kyeong Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000042333","article-title":"Vasoactive-inotropic agents in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"104","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066612448738","article-title":"Outcomes of patients on multiple vasoactive drugs for shock","volume":"28","author":"Prys-Picard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1126888","article-title":"Tendency of dynamic vasoactive and inotropic medications data as a robust predictor of mortality in patients with septic shock: an analysis of the MIMIC-IV database","volume":"10","author":"Ning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.124.011270","article-title":"Hospital variability in the use of vasoactive agents in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure for clinical phenotypes","volume":"18","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181b806fc","article-title":"Vasoactive\u2013inotropic score as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"11","author":"Gaies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-019-03154-5","article-title":"Impact of leadership of trained intensivist in pediatric intensive care unit in a middle income country: an uncontrolled before-after study","volume":"87","author":"Kesici","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2456OC","article-title":"Impact of 24\/7 in-hospital intensivist coverage on outcomes in pediatric intensive care. A multicenter study","volume":"194","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2019.10.007","article-title":"Septic shock in pediatrics: the state-of-the-art","volume":"96","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Von Elm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000657","article-title":"The importance of mortality risk assessment: validation of the pediatric index of mortality 3 score","volume":"17","author":"Wolfler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31828a2bbd","article-title":"PELOD-2: an update of the PEdiatric logistic organ dysfunction score","volume":"41","author":"Leteurtre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.12.019","article-title":"Vasoactive-inotropic score and the prediction of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery","volume":"122","author":"Koponen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100950","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical features in open and closed format intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Vahedian-Azimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2021.62.1.50","article-title":"Impact of intensivist and nursing staff on critically ill patient mortality: a retrospective analysis of the Korean NHIS cohort data, 2011\u20132015","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2014.86.6.319","article-title":"Impact of a surgical intensivist on the clinical outcomes of patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit","volume":"86","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg Treat Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666221109181","article-title":"Intensivist-driven ventilator management shortens duration of mechanical ventilation in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients","volume":"37","author":"Dollin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.17.2151","article-title":"Physician staffing patterns and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: a systematic review","volume":"288","author":"Pronovost","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16769-w","article-title":"The predictive value of the vasoactive inotropic score in the postoperative treatment of patients suffering from infective endocarditis","volume":"15","author":"Schnackenburg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.769932","article-title":"Vasoactive-inotropic score and vasoactive-ventilation-renal score as outcome predictors for children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"9","author":"Shukla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16900-1","article-title":"Vasoactive inotropic score as a predictor of long-term mortality in patients after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"12","author":"Kwon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0021","first-page":"629","article-title":"Protective hemodynamics: a novel strategy to manage blood pressure","volume":"30","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2024.10.021","article-title":"Protective hemodynamics: CLEAR!","volume":"39","author":"D'Amico","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-07910-4","article-title":"Efficacy of targeting high mean arterial pressure for older patients with septic shock (OPTPRESS): a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"51","author":"Endo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0930","article-title":"Effect of reduced exposure to vasopressors on 90-day mortality in older critically ill patients with vasodilatory hypotension: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"323","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006314","article-title":"Low versus high blood pressure targets in critically ill and surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"52","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.20402","article-title":"personalized hemodynamic resuscitation targeting capillary refill time in early septic shock: the ANDROMEDA-SHOCK-2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"334","author":"Network","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0027","article-title":"Inotropic support in cardiogenic shock: who leads the battle, milrinone or dobutamine?","volume":"82","author":"Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annals Med Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3162","article-title":"Medical therapy of cardiogenic shock: contemporary use of inotropes and vasopressors","volume":"26","author":"Riccardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05878-6","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children","volume":"46","author":"Weiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e502","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000954","article-title":"Double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing dopamine and epinephrine in pediatric fluid-refractory hypotensive septic shock","volume":"17","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Critical Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.14191021","article-title":"The intensivist's perspective of shock, volume management, and hemodynamic monitoring","volume":"17","author":"Kashani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0032","first-page":"341","article-title":"Choice of fluids for resuscitation in children with severe infection and shock: systematic review","author":"Akech","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.14288","article-title":"Association does not mean causation, when observational data were misinterpreted as causal: the observational interpretation fallacy","volume":"31","author":"D'Amico","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Heart & Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956326000828?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956326000828?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T01:51:41Z","timestamp":1789091501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147956326000828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0147956326000828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9563","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Changes in shock management and vasoactive therapy after transition to a closed intensivist model in a pediatric intensive care unit","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart & Lung","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102798","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102798"}}