{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:36:54Z","timestamp":1793284614351,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartandlung.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart & Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:29:54Z","timestamp":1785324594000},"page":"102902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Detection rate and risk factors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Kangyu","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9388-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-1002-0","article-title":"The effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and snoring severity to intima-media thickening of carotid artery","volume":"19","author":"Salepci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2019.88558","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease: a literature review","volume":"17","author":"Assallum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01496-3","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002","article-title":"Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Senaratna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0005","first-page":"1568","article-title":"Association between the severity of newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients without overt cardiovascular disease","volume":"21","author":"Theodoropoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15091088","article-title":"The global burden of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"Iannella","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0007","article-title":"Sudden death in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Heilbrunn","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108921","article-title":"CHG index and carotid atherosclerosis in relatively young adults with obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study","volume":"259","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.038","article-title":"Atherosclerotic carotid plaque composition and incident stroke and coronary events","volume":"77","author":"Bos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7384","article-title":"Proximal region of carotid atherosclerotic plaque shows more intraplaque hemorrhage: the plaque at risk study","volume":"43","author":"Crombag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae933","article-title":"Carotid artery atherosclerosis: mechanisms of instability and clinical implications","volume":"46","author":"Saba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3844\/ojbsci.2024.382.394","article-title":"Overview of atherosclerotic plaque: from formation to complication","volume":"24","author":"Poznyak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Online J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08409-2","article-title":"Endothelial glycocalyx perturbation in obstructive sleep apnea is associated with repetitive hypoxemia and immunothrombotic endothelial dysfunction","volume":"24","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0014","article-title":"Correlation analysis of hypoxemia and carotid intima\u2011media plaque formation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea\u2011hypopnea syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hebei Med Univ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E25","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v40i1.28051","article-title":"Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on carotid artery intima media thickness related to inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Investig Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0016","article-title":"Atherosclerotic plaque in individuals without known cardiovascular disease but with established obstructive sleep apnea and at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"14","author":"Walia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-019-01363-8","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased coronary plaque instability: an optical frequency domain imaging study","volume":"34","author":"Konishi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0018","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0019","series-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis","author":"Aromataris","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.043","article-title":"Increased carotid intima-media thickness is independently associated with the occurrence of depressive disorders in patients with obstructive sleep apnea without cardiocerebrovascular disease","volume":"150","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90065-4","article-title":"The prevalence of carotid atheromas seen on panoramic radiographs of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their relation to risk factors for atherosclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Friedlander","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11081-1","article-title":"Machine learning methods for adult OSAHS risk prediction","volume":"24","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90657-7","article-title":"The prevalence of calcified carotid artery atheromas in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Friedlander","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0024","article-title":"The effect of Hcy combined with arterial ultrasound in screening OSAHS in people with middle or high risk of stroke","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Arter"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0025","article-title":"Clinical analysis of carotid atherosclerosis degree in the patients with H-type hypertension complicated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Chin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00658.x","article-title":"Is there a link between the severity of sleep-disordered breathing and atherosclerotic disease of the carotid arteries?","volume":"10","author":"Kaynak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.036","article-title":"Atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in obstructive sleep apnea-a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study","volume":"222","author":"Kylintireas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13378","article-title":"Clinical study of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery and lower extremities in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303965","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with future subclinical carotid artery disease: thirteen-year follow-up from the Wisconsin sleep cohort","volume":"34","author":"Gunnarsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arter Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0030","first-page":"972","article-title":"Changes in vascular endothelial function and carotid intima media thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome combined with cardiovascular disease","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Guangdong Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0031","first-page":"512","article-title":"Correlation analysis of carotid plaque and respiratory function in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS)","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Lung Dis(Electron Ed)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0790-3","article-title":"The relationship between cephalometric carotid artery calcification and Framingham Risk Score profile in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"17","author":"Tsuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022184","article-title":"Associations between sleep apnea and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0034","first-page":"114","article-title":"The evaluation of the association between the carotid artery lesions and adult sleep apnea syndrome by ultrasound","volume":"15","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pract Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0035","first-page":"26","article-title":"Relationship between left ventricular geometric patterns and the structure and elasticity of common carotid artery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by ultrasound","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J MedUltrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0036","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Associations of severity of obstructive sleep aapnea syndrome with risks of lacunar infarction,leukodystrophy and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Neuromed"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0037","first-page":"413","article-title":"Carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopneaassociated hypertension: an analysis on influencing factors","volume":"21","author":"Wang Huan-Huan1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Mult Organ Dis Elder"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0038","first-page":"167","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors for comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in high-risk stroke population","volume":"46","author":"Qian Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"South China J Prev Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0039","first-page":"4561","article-title":"Wan He bin clinical relevance of ischemic stroke and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Zhang Jian-xun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod Diagn Treat"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0040","first-page":"2290","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis and unstable plaque in patients with sleep apnea-related hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0041","first-page":"180","article-title":"Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly cardiocerebrovascular disease-free patients","volume":"23","author":"Gao Yinghui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Geriatr Heart Brain Vessel Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0042","first-page":"571","article-title":"Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Aerosp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0043","first-page":"86","article-title":"Clinical research on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and carotid, lower limb atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"17","author":"Xu Hui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke Nerv Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0044","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with liver damage and atherosclerosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Sookoian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0045","first-page":"490","article-title":"Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea and its association with atherosclerotic plaques in a cohort of subjects with mild\u2013moderate cardiovascular risk","volume":"58","author":"Sapi\u00f1a-Beltr\u00e1n","year":"2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0046","first-page":"937","article-title":"Correlation analysis between snoring loudness and carotid plaque formation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Xue Jing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod J Integr Tradit Chin West Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0047","first-page":"21","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and plaque development of carotid artery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Liu Yaxuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Ophthal Shandong Univ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0048","first-page":"13","article-title":"The effect of hypoxemia on carotid intima-Media plaque formation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrom","volume":"44","author":"Xiao Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0049","first-page":"82","article-title":"Apnea-specific pulse-rate response is associated with early subclinical atherosclerosis in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"61","author":"Sanchez-Azofra","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902_bib0050","unstructured":"Z. Yang, K. Zhang, H. Wang, Fan C. Cross sectional study on relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and carotiod arteriosclerrosis Adv Cardiovasc Di. 2023;44(12):1135\u201341."}],"container-title":["Heart & Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014795632600186X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014795632600186X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:10:45Z","timestamp":1793283045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014795632600186X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S014795632600186X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9563","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Detection rate and risk factors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart & Lung","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102902","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102902"}}