{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:36:53Z","timestamp":1793284613835,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002713","name":"Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023673","name":"Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University Deanship of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IMSIU- DDRSP2602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMSIU- DDRSP2602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","heartandlung.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Heart & Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:35:01Z","timestamp":1791362101000},"page":"102966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatiotemporal analysis of acute respiratory infection burden among adults aged 15-79 years: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1989-2622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Muneeb","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5758-1035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Abdelwahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3677-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ameeq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8248-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alpha","family":"Kargbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e361","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf496","article-title":"Estimated vaccine effectiveness for respiratory syncytial virus\u2013related acute respiratory illness in older adults: findings from the first postlicensure season","volume":"82","author":"Tartof","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01080-4","article-title":"Burden of acute respiratory infections caused by influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2 with consideration of older adults: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Hanage","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2024.100679","article-title":"The global burden of human metapneumovirus-associated acute respiratory infections in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0004","unstructured":"Sirota S., Bender R., Dominguez R.M., Hay S.I., Naghavi M., Murray C.J., Kyu H. Global burden of lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990\u20132023: results from the global burden of disease study 2023. Available at SSRN 5355360."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02566-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of lower respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000551062","article-title":"European consensus guidelines on the management of respiratory distress syndrome: 2025","author":"Sweet","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70409","article-title":"Living with persistent Respiratory symptoms of long COVID: qualitative study among Brazilian adults 12 months after acute infection","volume":"28","author":"Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Expectations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2010.00616.x","article-title":"Training family physicians in shared decision making for the use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections: a pilot clustered randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"L\u00e9gar\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Expect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McBride-Henry K., Miller C., Trenholm A., Officer T.N. \u2018You have to do what is best\u2019: the lived reality of having a child who is repeatedly hospitalized because of acute lower respiratory infection. Health Expect.. 2022;25(1):466\u201375.","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13408"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70467","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of long covid in a cohort of Brazilian adults 12 months after acute infection: a cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Covre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Expect."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71205","article-title":"Multidimensional impact of smog on respiratory and ocular health: a cross-sectional study with socio-psychological and public health prospective","volume":"8","author":"Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0012","first-page":"43","article-title":"Respiratory infections in low and middle-income countries","volume":"54","author":"Frigati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.11.001","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of recurrent respiratory infections in a low-and middle-income country: a cross-sectional study on immunodeficiency indicators","volume":"75","author":"Hassan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00510-2","article-title":"Age\u2013sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"22","author":"Kyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0015","first-page":"469","volume":"25","author":"Fatima","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102861","article-title":"Heart disease and urban heat exposure in South Asian urban populations: socioeconomic disparities and health policy prospective","volume":"79","author":"Hassan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2025-288","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections in adolescents and young adults: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-107419","article-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases and their effect on physical performance and frailty: a workplace-based comparative cross-sectional study among male dairy workers in Pakistan","volume":"15","author":"Tariq","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-107419","article-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases and their effect on physical performance and frailty: a workplace-based comparative cross-sectional study among male dairy workers in Pakistan","volume":"15","author":"Tariq","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.04096","article-title":"Costs of management of acute respiratory infections in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0021","series-title":"Statistical Methods For Dynamic Disease Screening and Spatio-Temporal Disease Surveillance","author":"Qiu","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14769","article-title":"A scoping review of foot-and-mouth disease risk, based on spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of outbreaks in endemic settings","volume":"69","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Gordon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119867333.ch20","article-title":"Emerging and re-Emerging zoonoses in South Asia: challenges of one health","author":"Tennakoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"One Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00802-4","article-title":"Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in older adults: limitations of current data","volume":"12","author":"Rozenbaum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12775\/EQ.2025.041","article-title":"Assessing climate change-induced food security risks for rural communities in South Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"36","author":"Mazhar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecolog. Quest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70624","article-title":"Socio-ecological factors influencing maternal and child health outcomes during floods in South Punjab Pakistan 2025: a mixed-methods approach","volume":"29","author":"Hassan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Health Expect."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30991","article-title":"Development of improved estimators of finite population mean in simple random sampling with dual auxiliaries and its application to real world problems","volume":"10","author":"Sher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01694-7","article-title":"Sample size calculation for prevalence studies using Scalex and ScalaR calculators","volume":"22","author":"Naing","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC. Med. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0029","article-title":"A new questionnaire to assess respiratory symptoms (The Respiratory Symptom Experience Scale): quantitative psychometric assessment and validation study","volume":"7","author":"Shiffman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR. Form. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04027","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and viral etiology of community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infection among older adults in rural north India","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0030","first-page":"195","article-title":"Logistic regression. Prediction stat","author":"Hanson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.08.064","article-title":"WHO indoor air quality guidelines on household fuel combustion: strategy implications of new evidence on interventions and exposure\u2013risk functions","volume":"106","author":"Bruce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7511","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127511","article-title":"Recent insights into particulate matter (PM2. 5)-mediated toxicity in humans: an overview","volume":"19","author":"Thangavel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1840","volume":"164","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s12982-026-01571-4","article-title":"The impact of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence: a narrative review","volume":"23","author":"Okposio","year":"2026","journal-title":"Disc. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0036","series-title":"Tobacco Prevention and Control","author":"Pal","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0037","unstructured":"Heseltine E., Rosen J., editors. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: dampness and mould."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2025.0226","article-title":"Seasonal trends of major Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and other viral infections in Korea: an analysis before, during, and after the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-024-11132-4","article-title":"Assessing air quality dynamics in Punjab, Pakistan: pre, during, and post COVID-19 lockdown and evaluating strategies for mitigating","volume":"89","author":"Nasar-u-Minallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.08.028","article-title":"Individual-and community-level predictors of healthcare-seeking behaviour for acute respiratory tract infections among children under five in 29 low-and middle-income countries: a multilevel analysis","volume":"237","author":"Ketema","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health"}],"container-title":["Heart & Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956326002505?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147956326002505?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:14:28Z","timestamp":1793283268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147956326002505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0147956326002505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9563","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatiotemporal analysis of acute respiratory infection burden among adults aged 15-79 years: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Heart & Lung","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2026.102966","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102966"}}