{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:25:30Z","timestamp":1788323130886,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T06:21:16Z","timestamp":1784528476000},"page":"111807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of ACE gene polymorphism and serum ACE activity in relation to alopecia areata among Iraqi patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Dalya Jamal","family":"Dhahir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad M.F.","family":"Al-Halbosiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00664-9","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"11","author":"Ungar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754231168839","article-title":"Alopecia areata: an updated review for 2023","volume":"27","author":"Sibbald","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s44368-025-00013-8","article-title":"Alopecia areata: a comprehensive review of clinical, immunologic, and genetic perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Akbaba","year":"2025","journal-title":"discover Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1681163","article-title":"Alopecia areata: from immunopathogenesis to emerging therapeutic approaches","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14155","article-title":"Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata","volume":"29","author":"Bertolini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12970","article-title":"The profile of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-23) in active alopecia areata","volume":"19","author":"Gautam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037300","article-title":"Interleukin gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Tishe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14129","article-title":"Understanding the significance of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata","volume":"29","author":"Ito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115652","article-title":"Deciphering the complex immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata","volume":"25","author":"\u0160uti\u0107 Udovi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab093.018","article-title":"Serum level of interleukin 17 in alopecia areata patients and its relation with the severity of the disease: a case control study","volume":"114","author":"Zuelfakkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-03854-3","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and alopecia areata: insights from bidirectional mendelian randomization and observational study","volume":"317","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.103460","article-title":"Genetic association of IL2RA, IL17RA, IL23R, and IL31RA single nucleotide polymorphisms with alopecia areata","volume":"29","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics12050228","article-title":"Genetic insights into acne, androgenetic alopecia, and alopecia areata: implications for mechanisms and precision dermatology","volume":"12","author":"de Souza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0070","first-page":"15","article-title":"Recent advances in the genetics of alopecia areata","volume":"35","author":"Buket Basmanav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0075","article-title":"From mechanisms to therapies: current advances breakthroughs in alopecia areata immunopathology","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0080","first-page":"231","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme as immune inflammatory biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.09.028","article-title":"The alopecia areata consensus of experts (ACE) study part II: results of an international expert opinion on diagnosis and laboratory evaluation for alopecia areata","volume":"84","author":"Meah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_158_17","article-title":"Serum and tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients with alopecia areata","volume":"85","author":"Fahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0095","article-title":"Differential impact of environmental factors on systemic and localized autoimmunity","volume":"14","author":"H. 14, no. 1147447","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1243556","article-title":"Inhibition of T-cell activity in alopecia areata: recent developments and new directions","volume":"14","author":"Passeron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13091285","article-title":"Inheritance-specific dysregulation of Th1- and Th17-associated cytokines in alopecia areata","volume":"13","author":"Van Acker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010396","article-title":"Systemic inflammation marker alterations in severe alopecia areata patients treated with Janus kinase inhibitors","volume":"15","author":"Sahin","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2020.04.007","article-title":"Alopecia areata: a complex cytokine driven disease","volume":"20","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123397","article-title":"The role of serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in patients with alopecia areata: clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Wa\u015bkiel-Burnat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4927530","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4927530","article-title":"Serum cytokines Th1, Th2, and Th17 expression profiling in active lupus nephritis-IV: from a southern Chinese Han population","volume":"2016","author":"Sigdel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02982-8","article-title":"Association of ACE1 I\/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents","volume":"96","author":"Boraey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14434","article-title":"Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion deletion polymorphism and androgenetic alopecia susceptibility among Egyptian patients: a preliminary case-controlled study","volume":"21","author":"Mustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15994","article-title":"Inverse correlation between vitamin D and CRP levels in alopecia areata: a pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Mokhtari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_84_18","article-title":"Evaluation of association of vitamin D in alopecia areata: a case-control study of 100 patients in a tertiary rural hospital of Southern India","volume":"10","author":"Siddappa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000545711","article-title":"Vitamin D and alopecia areata: from mechanism to therapeutic implications","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Herrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111547","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1111547","article-title":"The potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies for alopecia areata","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Human Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0198885926001539?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0198885926001539?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:11:25Z","timestamp":1788322285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0198885926001539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0198885926001539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807","relation":{},"ISSN":["0198-8859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0198-8859","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigation of ACE gene polymorphism and serum ACE activity in relation to alopecia areata among Iraqi patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Human Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.111807","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111807"}}