{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:50:07Z","timestamp":1791834607053,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82501615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82501615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:23:16Z","timestamp":1791498196000},"page":"112089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential association between Epstein-Barr virus infection and myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Nana","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zichao","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602678","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis","volume":"375","author":"Gilhus","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.44","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis - autoantibody characteristics and their implications for therapy","volume":"12","author":"Gilhus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00297-0","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnostics, and biomarkers of autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorders","volume":"21","author":"Punga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27832","article-title":"Myasthenic crisis","volume":"68","author":"Claytor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.003","article-title":"Divergent roles of antiself antibodies during infection","volume":"39","author":"Rivera-Correa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200460","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis: past, present, and future","volume":"12","author":"Wahbeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102962","article-title":"Infectious diseases, autoantibodies, and autoimmunity","volume":"137","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.06.012","article-title":"A novel infection- and inflammation-associated molecular signature in peripheral blood of myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"221","author":"Barzago","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21902","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus persistence and reactivation in myasthenia gravis thymus","volume":"67","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22522","article-title":"Lack of evidence for Epstein-Barr virus infection in myasthenia gravis thymus","volume":"70","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.08.026","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus: biology and clinical disease","volume":"185","author":"Damania","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00044-10","article-title":"Progress and problems in understanding and managing primary Epstein-Barr virus infections","volume":"24","author":"Odumade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500484849","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus and molecular mimicry in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"39","author":"Poole","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902623116","article-title":"Molecular mimicry between Anoctamin 2 and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 associates with multiple sclerosis risk","volume":"116","author":"Tengvall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(88)90037-5","article-title":"Detection of antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens in the sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"17","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061110","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the sero-epidemiological association between Epstein Barr virus and multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Almohmeed","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6578","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj8222","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis","volume":"375","author":"Bjornevik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01167-9","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus as a potentiator of autoimmune diseases","volume":"20","author":"Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28363","article-title":"A common mechanism links Epstein-Barr virus infections and autoimmune diseases","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00901-9","article-title":"HLA imputation and its application to genetic and molecular fine-mapping of the MHC region in autoimmune diseases","volume":"44","author":"Naito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102349","article-title":"HLA in myasthenia gravis: from superficial correlation to underlying mechanism","volume":"18","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis","volume":"5","author":"Gilhus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23230","article-title":"HLA-HD: an accurate HLA typing algorithm for next-generation sequencing data","volume":"38","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D468","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa796","article-title":"TCRdb: a comprehensive database for T-cell receptor sequences with powerful search function","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yue T, Chen SY, Shen WK, Liao Y, Lei Q, Guo AY. TCRdb 2.0: an updated T-cell receptor sequence database. Nucleic Acids Res. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaf876.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf876"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa450","article-title":"Genetic determinants of antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious diseases agents: a genome-wide and HLA association study","volume":"7","author":"Butler-Laporte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37045","article-title":"EBNA-1 antibody and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70298","article-title":"Antibody responses to EBV and toxoplasma and their genetic links to Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"15","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03866.x","article-title":"Increased incidence of thymoma in Chinese myasthenia gravis: possible relationship with Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"80","author":"Teoh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03636.x","article-title":"High anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels are associated with early-onset myasthenia gravis","volume":"19","author":"Csuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0155","first-page":"151","article-title":"EBV persistence--introducing the virus","volume":"390","author":"Thorley-Lawson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0160","first-page":"1","article-title":"The activation of bystander CD8+ T cells and their roles in viral infection","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12616","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12616","article-title":"Inhibition of ubiquitin\/proteasome-dependent protein degradation by the Gly-Ala repeat domain of the Epstein\u2013Barr virus nuclear antigen1","volume":"94","author":"Levitskaya","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v1.i1.31","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: problems and solutions","volume":"1","author":"Paschale","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0892-8","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis","volume":"14","author":"Danikowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1610662","article-title":"Decoding the etiology of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases statistically","volume":"16","author":"ElAbd","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0185","first-page":"12","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing identifies extended HLA class I and II haplotypes associated with early-onset and late-onset myasthenia gravis in Italian, Norwegian, and Swedish populations","author":"Creary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0190","first-page":"3182","article-title":"HLA-DRB1*08, DRB1*03\/DRB3*0101, and DRB3*0202 are susceptibility genes for Graves\u2019 disease in North American Caucasians, whereas DRB1*07 is protective","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016060644","article-title":"HLA-DRB1*15:01 and HLA-DRB3*02:02 in PLA2R-related membranous nephropathy","volume":"28","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1086\/511274","article-title":"Rapid effector function of Varicella-Zoster virus glycoprotein I-specific CD4+ T cells many decades after primary infection","volume":"195","author":"Malavige","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1349030","article-title":"Regulatory SVA retrotransposons and classical HLA genotyped-transcripts associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Kulski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Human Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0198885926004350?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0198885926004350?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:30:50Z","timestamp":1791833450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0198885926004350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0198885926004350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089","relation":{},"ISSN":["0198-8859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0198-8859","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Potential association between Epstein-Barr virus infection and myasthenia gravis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Human Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humimm.2026.112089","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112089"}}