{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T07:10:14Z","timestamp":1774422614488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]],"date-time":"2019-10-22T11:30:07Z","timestamp":1571743807000},"page":"46-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fifty years of thyroid pathology: concepts and developments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Zubair","family":"Baloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia A.","family":"LiVolsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0005","series-title":"Tumors of the thyroid gland","author":"Meissner","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000135519.34847.f6","article-title":"Observer variation in the diagnosis of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Lloyd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPKP2QUVN4RCCP","article-title":"Interobserver and intraobserver variation among experts in the diagnosis of thyroid follicular lesions with borderline nuclear features of papillary carcinoma","volume":"130","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200211000-00014","article-title":"Observer variation of encapsulated follicular lesions of the thyroid gland","volume":"26","author":"Hirokawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0386","article-title":"Nomenclature revision for encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a paradigm shift to reduce overtreatment of indolent tumors","volume":"2","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-016-9445-4","article-title":"Genomic landscape of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1159\/000456576","article-title":"Molecular markers involved in tumorigenesis of thyroid carcinoma: focus on aggressive Histotypes","volume":"150","author":"Penna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytogenet Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0240","article-title":"Molecular diagnostics and predictors in thyroid cancer","volume":"19","author":"Nikiforova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0045","series-title":"Carcinoma of the thyroid gland: A clinical and pathologic study of 239 patients at the University of California Hospital","author":"Lindsay","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-197706000-00003","article-title":"Follicular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of six cases","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22138","article-title":"Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of a problematic entity","volume":"107","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.4158\/EP10060.OR","article-title":"Encapsulated classic and follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma: comparative clinicopathologic study","volume":"16","author":"Baloch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.130","article-title":"Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features: a review for pathologists","volume":"31","author":"Seethala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-019-9574-7","article-title":"Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP): update and diagnostic considerations-a review","volume":"30","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.1446","article-title":"Change in diagnostic criteria for noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with Papillarylike nuclear features","volume":"4","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.9","volume":"30","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21744","article-title":"Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP): a changing paradigm in thyroid surgical pathology and implications for thyroid cytopathology","volume":"124","author":"Baloch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13263","article-title":"Preoperative differentiation between noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) and non-NIFTP","volume":"86","author":"Hahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPEIE12POICULI","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration diagnoses of noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"144","author":"Howitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0100","first-page":"893","article-title":"Young investigator challenge: molecular testing in noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features","volume":"124","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000163","article-title":"The molecular landscape of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP): a literature review","volume":"24","author":"Basolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-017-9478-3","article-title":"Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features: historical context, diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"and Future Challenges Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2017.05.002","article-title":"Evolution of the histologic classification of thyroid neoplasms and its impact on clinical management","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198409000-00005","article-title":"Poorly differentiated (\"insular\") thyroid carcinoma. A reinterpretation of Langhans' \"wuchernde Struma\"","volume":"8","author":"Carcangiu","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0125","first-page":"123","article-title":"Undifferentiated and poorly differentiated carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Rosai","year":"1985","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3180309e6a","article-title":"Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: the Turin proposal for the use of uniform diagnostic criteria and an algorithmic diagnostic approach","volume":"31","author":"Volante","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2016.05.007","article-title":"The story of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: from Langhans' description to the Turin proposal via Juan Rosai","volume":"33","author":"Volante","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04188.x","article-title":"Poorly differentiated oncocytic thyroid carcinoma\u2014diagnostic implications and outcome","volume":"60","author":"Dettmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.02.027","article-title":"Cell size as a prognostic factor in oncocytic poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid","volume":"45","author":"Asioli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-015-9367-6","article-title":"Poorly differentiated oncocytic (hurthle cell) follicular carcinoma: an institutional experience","volume":"26","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24147","article-title":"Oncocytic poorly differentiated (insular) thyroid carcinoma mimicking metastatic adenocarcinoma. A case report and review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Laforga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.05.022","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications in poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer","volume":"469","author":"Sasanakietkul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85271","article-title":"Genomic and transcriptomic hallmarks of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers","volume":"126","author":"Landa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200002000-00030","article-title":"Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma\u2014it is important","volume":"24","author":"Akslen","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgical Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-011-9176-5","article-title":"Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Are we there yet?","volume":"22","author":"Tallini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19831115)52:10<1849::AID-CNCR2820521015>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid","volume":"52","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181d85d94","article-title":"Papillary thyroid carcinoma with prominent hobnail features: a new aggressive variant of moderately differentiated papillary carcinoma. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of 8 cases","volume":"34","author":"Lloyd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000329","article-title":"Prevalence of a hobnail pattern in papillary, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a possible manifestation of high-grade transformation","volume":"39","author":"Amacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000793","article-title":"Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and molecular evidence of progression to undifferentiated carcinoma in 2 cases","volume":"41","author":"Cameselle-Teijeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0248","article-title":"The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinical\/molecular characteristics of a large monocentric series and comparison with conventional histotypes","volume":"28","author":"Watutantrige-Fernando","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000184","article-title":"Aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma: hobnail, tall cell, columnar, and solid","volume":"25","author":"Nath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22023","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15786","article-title":"Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: molecular profiling and comparison to classical papillary thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Teng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-16-0546","article-title":"Somatic mutation profiling of hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Morandi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.115","article-title":"Mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a primary thyroid adenocarcinoma harboring ETV6-NTRK3 fusion","volume":"29","author":"Dogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23692","article-title":"Cytologic findings of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma arising in the thyroid","volume":"45","author":"Rodriguez-Urrego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-016-0741-6","article-title":"Mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) involving the thyroid gland: a report of the first 3 cases","volume":"11","author":"Dettloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-016-0715-8","article-title":"A case of primary mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the thyroid masquerading as papillary thyroid carcinoma: potentially more than a one off","volume":"10","author":"Reynolds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.1065","article-title":"Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma mimicking a thyroid nodule","volume":"16","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1388-1","article-title":"Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the thyroid gland","volume":"39","author":"Adapa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2012.03.005","article-title":"Extra-osseous Ewing sarcoma of the thyroid gland mimicking lymphoma recurrence: a case report","volume":"208","author":"Maldi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E346","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23240","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma of the thyroid: report of 2 cases and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131309200419","article-title":"Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the thyroid gland: case report and review","volume":"92","author":"Chirila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00257","article-title":"Primary Ewing sarcoma of the thyroid-eight cases in a decade: a case report and literature review","volume":"8","author":"Kabata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-017-2095-1","article-title":"EWSR1 rearrangement is a frequent event in papillary thyroid carcinoma and in carcinoma of the thyroid with Ewing family tumor elements (CEFTE)","volume":"470","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01021-5","article-title":"Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma of the thyroid: a case report and review of the literature","author":"Morlote","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(61)90234-0","article-title":"The association of pheochromocytoma with carcinoma of the thyroid gland","volume":"31","author":"Sipple","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0285","first-page":"219","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes: historical perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Sipple","year":"1984","journal-title":"Henry Ford Hosp Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000600207","article-title":"Complex IV in the dog with special emphasis on the relation of the ultimobranchial body to the interfollicular cells in the postnatal glands","volume":"60","author":"Godwin","year":"1937","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0370205","article-title":"Immunofluorescent localization of calcitonin in the 'C' cells of pig and dog thyroid","volume":"37","author":"Bussolati","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0300","first-page":"71","article-title":"Common cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of cells producing polypeptide hormones (the APUD series) and their relevance to thyroid and ultimobranchial C-cells and calcitonin","volume":"170","author":"Pearse","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond [Biol]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195107)4:4<697::AID-CNCR2820040407>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Carcinoma of the thyroid: description of a distinctive morphologic variant and report of seven cases","volume":"4","author":"Horn","year":"1951","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-19-1-152","article-title":"Medullary (solid) carcinoma of the thyroid","volume":"19","author":"Hazard","year":"1959","journal-title":"A clinicopathologic entity J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1126\/science.158.3803.924","article-title":"Calcitonin from ultimobranchial glands of dogfish and chickens","volume":"158","author":"Copp","year":"1967","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Copp DH, Low BS, O'Dor RK, Parkes CO. Calcitonin in non-mammals. Calcified tissue research 1968, Suppl:29-29a.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02065211"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.19.2.114","article-title":"Histogenesis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-013-9287-2","article-title":"Medullary thyroid carcinoma: a 25-year perspective","volume":"25","author":"DeLellies","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2016-103833","article-title":"New insights in the molecular signature of advanced medullary thyroid cancer: evidence of a bad outcome of cases with double RET mutations","volume":"53","author":"Romei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2003.10.005","article-title":"Medullary carcinoma, provocative now as then","volume":"21","author":"Eichhorn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0345","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medullary thyroid carcinoma and calcitonin","volume":"32","author":"Emmertsen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.2870120308","article-title":"Mutation of the RET protooncogene in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Eng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0355","series-title":"Eds. WHO: Pathology and genetics. Tumours of endocrine organs","author":"DeLellis","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2004.05.002","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"58","author":"Kameyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2004.01.006","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Massoll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04102.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of RET activation in human cancer","volume":"963","author":"Santoro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00317","article-title":"Medullary thyroid carcinoma in MEN2A: ATA moderate- or high-risk RET mutations do not predict disease aggressiveness","volume":"102","author":"Voss","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.139","article-title":"Management of medullary thyroid carcinoma and MEN2 syndromes in childhood","volume":"7","author":"Waguespack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0385","first-page":"214","article-title":"The C-cells (parafollicular cells) of the thyroid gland and medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"88","author":"Hazard","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0390","first-page":"876","article-title":"Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland","volume":"75","author":"Epstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0395","first-page":"156","article-title":"Cytopathologic features of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid","volume":"108","author":"Kini","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0400","first-page":"137","article-title":"Medullary carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Albores-Saavedra","year":"1985","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/01913128509141506","article-title":"Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: an immunocytochemical study","volume":"8","author":"Holm","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ultrastruct Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0410","first-page":"89","article-title":"Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland","volume":"54","author":"Sizemore","year":"1987","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0415","first-page":"793","article-title":"al. e. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Kakudo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0420","first-page":"26","article-title":"Prognostic factors in medullary thyroid carcinomas","volume":"21","author":"Schroder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hormone & Metabolic Research - Supplement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0425","first-page":"610","article-title":"Carcinoembryonic antigen in medullary thyroid carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study applying six novel monoclonal antibodies","volume":"2","author":"Dasovic-Knezevic","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2010.05350.x","article-title":"Medullary thyroid carcinoma presenting with an initial CEA elevation","volume":"80","author":"Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0667","article-title":"Progression of medullary thyroid carcinoma: assessment with calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen doubling times","volume":"158","author":"Laure Giraudet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0440","first-page":"911","article-title":"Medullary thyroid carcinoma, small cell variant, as a diagnostic challenge on fine needle aspiration: a case report","volume":"54","author":"Yerly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.11.001","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules","volume":"48","author":"Maxwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0450","series-title":"Thyroid nodule","author":"Zamora","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0655","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the benefits and risk of thyroid nodule evaluation in patients >\/=70 years old","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0898","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of thyroid Nodules: a review","volume":"319","author":"Durante","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3413\/Nukmed-0981-18-06","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules","volume":"57","author":"Cordes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sengul D, Sengul I, Van Slycke S. Risk stratification of the thyroid nodule with Bethesda indeterminate cytology, category III, IV, V on the one surgeon-performed US-guided fine-needle aspiration with 27-gauge needle, verified by histopathology of thyroidectomy: the additional value of one surgeon-performed elastography. Acta Chir Belg 2019, 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2018.1551769"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0274","article-title":"The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology","volume":"19","author":"Cibas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0500","article-title":"The 2017 Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology","volume":"27","author":"Cibas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20000825)90:4<239::AID-CNCR7>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid","volume":"90","author":"Poller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0490","first-page":"333","article-title":"The role of fine-needle aspiration performed with liquid-based cytology in the surgical management of thyroid lesions","volume":"24","author":"Ardito","year":"2010","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPZ33MVMGZKEWU","article-title":"The interobserver reproducibility of thyroid fine-needle aspiration using the UK Royal College of Pathologists' classification system","volume":"135","author":"Kocjan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1159\/000451020","article-title":"The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: proposed modifications and updates for the second edition from an international panel","volume":"60","author":"Pusztaszeri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0505","first-page":"5","article-title":"Subtypes","volume":"5","author":"finds thyroid cancer drivers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0540","article-title":"Implications of the TCGA genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma for thyroid pathology: does follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma exist?","volume":"25","author":"Asa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.4158\/EP171805.RA","article-title":"Role of molecular markers in thyroid nodule management: then and now","volume":"23","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13413","article-title":"Prognostic implication of BRAF and TERT promoter mutation combination in papillary thyroid carcinoma\u2014a meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Vuong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3434","article-title":"Refining dynamic risk stratification and prognostic groups for differentiated thyroid cancer with TERT promoter mutations","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21827","article-title":"Qualifiers of atypia in the cytologic diagnosis of thyroid nodules are associated with different Afirma gene expression classifier results and clinical outcomes","volume":"125","author":"Baca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0644","article-title":"Noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and the Afirma gene-expression classifier","volume":"26","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0540","first-page":"722","article-title":"Impact of Afirma gene expression classifier on cytopathology diagnosis and rate of thyroidectomy","volume":"124","author":"Sacks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22112","article-title":"Clinical validation of the ThyroSeq v3 genomic classifier in thyroid nodules with indeterminate FNA cytology","volume":"127","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-16-0512","article-title":"Evaluation of ThyroSeq v2 performance in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology","volume":"24","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29038","article-title":"Highly accurate diagnosis of cancer in thyroid nodules with follicular neoplasm\/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm cytology by ThyroSeq v2 next-generation sequencing assay","volume":"120","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1852","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2292","article-title":"Targeted next-generation sequencing panel (ThyroSeq) for detection of mutations in thyroid cancer","volume":"98","author":"Nikiforova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Human Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004681771930173X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004681771930173X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T16:36:53Z","timestamp":1758645413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004681771930173X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["S004681771930173X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-8177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-8177","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fifty years of thyroid pathology: concepts and developments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Human Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}