{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:09:12Z","timestamp":1784675352733,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:21:13Z","timestamp":1780590073000},"page":"106197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contemporary approach to diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6810-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek M.","family":"Loneman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Hasserjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2011.09.028","article-title":"The discovery and early understanding of leukemia","volume":"36","author":"Kampen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1957.tb00124.x","article-title":"Acute promyelocytc leukemia","volume":"159","author":"Hillestad","year":"1957","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1976.tb03563.x","article-title":"Proposals for the classification of the acute Leukaemias French-American-British (FAB) Co-operative group","volume":"33","author":"Bennett","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","article-title":"The 5th edition of the world health organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: myeloid and histiocytic\/dendritic neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Khoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850","article-title":"International consensus classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute Leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data","volume":"140","author":"Arber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011304","article-title":"Distinguishing AML from MDS: a fixed blast percentage May no longer be optimal","volume":"139","author":"Estey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24252","article-title":"Interactions and relevance of blast percentage and treatment strategy among younger and older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)","volume":"91","author":"DiNardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13872","article-title":"Auer rods and faggot cells: a review of the history, significance and mimics of two morphological curiosities of enduring relevance","volume":"110","author":"Sehgal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14411","article-title":"Clinical applications of bone marrow CD34 immunohistochemistry (BM CD34 IHC) assay: International council for Standardization in hematology (ICSH) guidelines","volume":"47","author":"Torlakovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001765","article-title":"IRF8 is a reliable monoblast marker for acute monocytic leukemias","volume":"45","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001874","article-title":"IRF8 is a reliable monoblast marker for acute monocytic leukemias, but does not discriminate between monoblasts and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. [letter]","volume":"46","author":"Tzankov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002332","article-title":"IRF8 demonstrates positivity in a significant subset of histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms","volume":"49","author":"Patwardhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPCI1FFE2DRXIV","article-title":"Cytoplasmic expression of nucleophosmin accurately predicts mutation in the nucleophosmin gene in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and normal karyotype","volume":"133","author":"Luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-03-007013","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry predicts nucleophosmin (NPM) mutations in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"108","author":"Falini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25544","article-title":"High NPM1 mutant allele burden at diagnosis correlates with minimal residual disease at first remission in de novo acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"94","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016867","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN","volume":"140","author":"D\u00f6hner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.119","article-title":"A recurrent immunophenotype at diagnosis independently identifies high-risk pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a report from children's oncology group","volume":"30","author":"Eidenschink Brodersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024534","article-title":"Genome sequencing as an alternative to cytogenetic analysis in myeloid cancers","volume":"384","author":"Duncavage","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16080924","article-title":"Optical genome mapping: a new tool for cytogenomic analysis","volume":"16","author":"Levy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4171","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16244171","article-title":"Unveiling the complexity of KMT2A rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemias with optical genome mapping","volume":"16","author":"Lacoste","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007583","article-title":"Optical genome mapping in acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Levy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02321-z","article-title":"Rapid epigenomic classification of acute leukemia","volume":"57","author":"Steinicke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62005-4","article-title":"Epigenomic diagnosis and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Marchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1516192","article-title":"Genomic classification and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"374","author":"Papaemmanuil","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024025409","article-title":"Genetic risk classification for adults with AML receiving less-intensive therapies: the 2024 ELN recommendations","volume":"144","author":"D\u00f6hner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib26","author":"Adams"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-254441","article-title":"Refinement of cytogenetic classification in acute myeloid leukemia: determination of prognostic significance of rare recurring chromosomal abnormalities among 5876 younger adult patients treated in the United Kingdom medical research council trials","volume":"116","author":"Grimwade","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011677","article-title":"Torque teno mini virus as a cause of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia lacking PML\/RARA fusion","volume":"138","author":"Astolfi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025028674","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular basis of TTMV::RARA-driven acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"146","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00503-6","article-title":"Core binding factor acute myelogenous leukemia-2021 treatment algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Borthakur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3709","article-title":"The genomic landscape of core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemias","volume":"48","author":"Faber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-011-0858-z","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of core binding factor leukemia: current knowledge and future prospects","volume":"94","author":"Goyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198309153091103","article-title":"Association of an inversion of chromosome 16 with abnormal marrow eosinophils in acute myelomonocytic leukemia","volume":"309","author":"Beau","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0772","volume":"100","author":"Byrd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8351518","article-title":"Fusion between transcription factor CBF beta\/PEBP2 beta and a myosin heavy chain in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"261","author":"Liu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.7.2322","article-title":"The importance of diagnostic cytogenetics on outcome in AML: analysis of 1,612 patients entered into the MRC AML 10 trial","volume":"92","author":"Grimwade","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.415954.x","article-title":"Molecular detection of t(8;21)\/AML1-ETO in AML M1\/M2: correlation with cytogenetics, morphology and immunophenotype","volume":"92","author":"Andrieu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400618","article-title":"Morphological subtyping of acute myeloid leukemia with maturation (AML-M2): homogeneous pink-colored cytoplasm of mature neutrophils is Most characteristic of AML-M2 with t(8;21)","volume":"11","author":"Nakamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00796.x","article-title":"Immunophenotypic analysis enables the correct prediction of t(8;21) in acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"102","author":"Ferrara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1080\/1042819031000116698","article-title":"Acute myelogenous leukemia with t(8;21)\u2014Identification of a specific immunophenotype","volume":"44","author":"Khoury","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.2.470.470","article-title":"Phenotypical characteristics of acute myelocytic leukemia associated with the t(8;21)(q22;q22) chromosomal abnormality: frequent expression of immature B-cell antigen CD19 together with stem cell antigen CD34","volume":"80","author":"Kita","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1159\/000496097","article-title":"Morphological and immunophenotypic clues to the WHO categories of acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"141","author":"Bain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-05-852822","article-title":"Genomic landscape and clonal evolution of acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21): an international study on 331 patients","volume":"133","author":"Christen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041974","article-title":"Cytoplasmic nucleophosmin in acute myelogenous leukemia with a normal karyotype","volume":"352","author":"Falini","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-012-1645-5","article-title":"Association of cup-like nuclei in blasts with FLT3 and NPM1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"92","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-03-014340","article-title":"High frequency of NPM1 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia with prominent nuclear invaginations (\u201ccuplike\u201d nuclei)","volume":"108","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-08-240457","article-title":"Multilineage dysplasia has no impact on biologic, clinicopathologic, and prognostic features of AML with mutated nucleophosmin (NPM1)","volume":"115","author":"Falini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27600","article-title":"Biology and management of acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01309-y","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of menin inhibition in acute leukemias","volume":"35","author":"Issa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009680","article-title":"CEBPA mutations in 4708 patients with acute myeloid leukemia: differential impact of bZIP and TAD mutations on outcome","volume":"139","author":"Taube","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02140-x","article-title":"Prognostic impact of CEBPA mutational subgroups in adult AML","volume":"38","author":"Georgi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-01877-1","article-title":"The KMT2A recombinome of acute leukemias in 2023","volume":"37","author":"Meyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02634-2","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of newly diagnosed acute myeloid Leukemia with KMT2A rearrangements","volume":"39","author":"Bataller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-02-0434","article-title":"AML with 11q23\/MLL abnormalities as defined by the WHO classification: incidence, partner chromosomes, FAB subtype, age distribution, and prognostic impact in an unselected series of 1897 cytogenetically analyzed AML cases","volume":"102","author":"Schoch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26340","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014732117","article-title":"Mutational landscape and clinical outcome of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia and rearrangements involving 11q23\/KMT2A","volume":"117","author":"Bill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.22051","article-title":"Comprehensive immunophenotypic study of acute myeloid leukemia with KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement in adults: a single-institution experience","volume":"102","author":"Konoplev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.2771","article-title":"Clinical, molecular, and prognostic significance of WHO type inv(3)(q21q26.2)\/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) and various other 3q abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Lugthart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.019","article-title":"A single oncogenic enhancer rearrangement causes concomitant EVI1 and GATA2 deregulation in leukemia","volume":"157","author":"Gr\u00f6schel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.210","article-title":"De novo acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2): a clinicopathologic and cytogenetic study of an entity recently added to the WHO classification","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019003701","article-title":"Atypical 3q26\/MECOM rearrangements genocopy inv(3)\/t(3;3) in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"136","author":"Ottema","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.281653","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular and clinical characterization of NUP98 fusions in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"108","author":"Bertrums","year":"2023","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib62","first-page":"1","article-title":"NUP98 rearrangements in adult AML patients: evaluation of clinical implications and identification of novel fusion partners","author":"Chonabayashi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007093","article-title":"Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic approaches for NUP98-rearranged hematologic malignancies","volume":"136","author":"Michmerhuizen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012806","article-title":"The menin-MLL1 interaction is a molecular dependency in NUP98-rearranged AML","volume":"139","author":"Heikamp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1199","article-title":"The world health organization (WHO) classification of the myeloid neoplasms","volume":"100","author":"Vardiman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.181842","article-title":"Association of mutations with morphological dysplasia in de novo acute myeloid leukemia without 2016 WHO Classification-defined cytogenetic abnormalities","volume":"103","author":"Weinberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.55","article-title":"Reproducibility and prognostic significance of morphologic dysplasia in de novo acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Weinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-12-395574","article-title":"Multilineage dysplasia does not influence prognosis in CEBPA-Mutated AML, supporting the WHO proposal to classify these patients as a unique entity","volume":"119","author":"Bacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.126","article-title":"RUNX1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia are associated with distinct clinico-pathologic and genetic features","volume":"30","author":"Gaidzik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.064667","article-title":"RUNX1 mutations in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia are associated with a poor prognosis and up-regulation of lymphoid genes","volume":"97","author":"Greif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-255976","article-title":"RUNX1 mutations are frequent in de novo AML with noncomplex karyotype and confer an unfavorable prognosis","volume":"117","author":"Schnittger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5352","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-223784","article-title":"AML1\/RUNX1 mutations in 470 adult patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: prognostic implication and interaction with other gene alterations","volume":"114","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014472","article-title":"Molecular characterization of mutant TP53 acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"139","author":"Grob","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021013983","article-title":"TP53 copy number and protein expression inform mutation status across risk categories in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"140","author":"Tashakori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1008-z","article-title":"Implications of TP53 allelic state for genome stability, clinical presentation and outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"26","author":"Bernard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2025019378","article-title":"CPX-351 selectively benefits patients with AML and Myelodysplasia-related mutations in the pivotal randomized trial","author":"Shimony","year":"2026","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14726","article-title":"Correlation of p53 immunohistochemistry with TP53 mutational status and overall survival in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"81","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27249","article-title":"Advances towards genome-based acute myeloid leukemia classification: a comparative analysis of WHO-HAEM4R, WHO-HAEM5, and international consensus classification","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib79","first-page":"2459","article-title":"UBTF tandem duplications in pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia: implications for clinical screening and diagnosis","volume":"109","author":"Barajas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0160","article-title":"Integrated genomic analysis identifies UBTF tandem duplications as a recurrent lesion in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Umeda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002350","article-title":"Pediatric myeloid neoplasms with UBTF tandem duplications : morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical characterization","volume":"49","author":"Khanlari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2015.07.005","article-title":"Acute megakaryocytic leukemia: what have we learned","volume":"30","author":"Hahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13968","article-title":"Role of TP53 mutations in the origin and evolution of therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"518","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2022.103607","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"171","author":"Strickland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18020240","article-title":"Moving beyond somatic alterations: uncovering the germline basis of myeloid malignancies","volume":"18","author":"Elbaz Younes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025030689","article-title":"Advancing the classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms together: for patients, medicine, and science","volume":"147","author":"Hasserjian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Human Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0046817726001668?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0046817726001668?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:51:26Z","timestamp":1781239886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0046817726001668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0046817726001668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-8177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-8177","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Contemporary approach to diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Human Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2026.106197","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106197"}}