{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:18:58Z","timestamp":1783948738985,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T21:27:37Z","timestamp":1528579657000},"page":"469-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Nonclonal Mast Cell Activation Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1409760","article-title":"Mast cells, mastocytosis, and related disorders","volume":"373","author":"Theoharides","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800267-4.00006-7","article-title":"Development of mast cells and importance of their tryptase and chymase serine proteases in inflammation and wound healing","volume":"122","author":"Douaiher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000236338","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence for piecemeal and anaphylactic degranulation of human gut mucosal mast cells in\u00a0vivo","volume":"99","author":"Dvorak","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.5.1185","article-title":"Histamine and histamine intolerance","volume":"85","author":"Maintz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1782","article-title":"Integrated signalling pathways for mast-cell activation","volume":"6","author":"Gilfillan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-010-0474-8","article-title":"Comparative analysis of mutation of tyrosine kinase kit in mast cells from patients with systemic mast cell activation syndrome and healthy subjects","volume":"62","author":"Molderings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2013.09.004","article-title":"The Mastocytosis Society survey on mast cell disorders: patient experiences and perceptions","volume":"2","author":"Jennings","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.02.019","article-title":"Clinical, biological, and molecular characteristics of clonal mast cell disorders presenting with systemic mast cell activation symptoms","volume":"125","author":"Alvarez-Twose","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000048188","article-title":"Mastocytosis: mediator-related signs and symptoms","volume":"127","author":"Castells","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(88)80012-X","article-title":"Gastrointestinal dysfunction in systemic mastocytosis. A prospective study","volume":"95","author":"Cherner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.026","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations in\u00a0mastocytosis: a study of 83 patients","volume":"132","author":"Sokol","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24382","article-title":"Clinical presentation and management practice of systemic mastocytosis. A survey on 460 Italian patients","volume":"91","author":"Pieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2006.05.006","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis: clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"Butterfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.037","article-title":"Mast cell activation syndrome: a newly recognized disorder with systemic clinical manifestations","volume":"128","author":"Hamilton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.08.035","article-title":"Mast cell activation syndrome: proposed diagnostic criteria","volume":"126","author":"Akin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1113","article-title":"Toward a global classification of mast cell activation diseases","volume":"127","author":"Molderings","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000328760","article-title":"Definitions, criteria and global classification of mast cell disorders with special reference to mast cell activation syndromes: a consensus proposal","volume":"157","author":"Valent","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2007.01807.x","article-title":"Standards and standardization in mastocytosis: consensus statements on diagnostics, treatment recommendations and response criteria","volume":"37","author":"Valent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-028100","article-title":"Demonstration of an aberrant mast-cell population with clonal markers in a subset of patients with \"idiopathic\" anaphylaxis","volume":"110","author":"Akin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3696","article-title":"Elevated basal serum tryptase identifies a multisystem disorder associated with increased TPSAB1 copy number","volume":"48","author":"Lyons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2500\/108854194778702946","article-title":"Tryptase: a clinical indicator of mast cell-dependent events","volume":"15","author":"Schwartz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Allergy Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02184.x","article-title":"Elevated tryptase levels selectively cluster in myeloid neoplasms: a novel diagnostic approach and screen marker in clinical haematology","volume":"39","author":"Sperr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2006.05.010","article-title":"Diagnostic value of tryptase in anaphylaxis and mastocytosis","volume":"26","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1586\/17474086.2014.955008","article-title":"The serum tryptase test: an emerging robust biomarker in clinical hematology","volume":"7","author":"Valent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2002.23767.x","article-title":"Urinary metabolites of histamine and leukotrienes before and after placebo-controlled challenge with ASA and food additives in chronic urticaria patients","volume":"57","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124912","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124912","article-title":"Determination of plasma heparin level improves identification of systemic mast cell activation disease","volume":"10","author":"Vysniauskaite","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.02.007","article-title":"Analytical and clinical validation of an LC-MS\/MS method for urine leukotriene E4: a marker of systemic mastocytosis","volume":"49","author":"Lueke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000329856","article-title":"Validation of the REMA score for predicting mast cell clonality and systemic mastocytosis in patients with systemic mast cell activation symptoms","volume":"157","author":"Alvarez-Twose","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000190","article-title":"A\u00a0clinicopathologic study of 24 cases of systemic mastocytosis involving the gastrointestinal tract and assessment of mucosal mast cell density in irritable bowel syndrome and asymptomatic patients","volume":"38","author":"Doyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23672","article-title":"Sensitive KIT D816V mutation analysis of blood as a diagnostic test in mastocytosis","volume":"89","author":"Kristensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000158259.68614.40","article-title":"Hyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome in mast cell activation disorders","volume":"45","author":"Shibao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2015.01.010","article-title":"Mast cell activation syndromes presenting as anaphylaxis","volume":"35","author":"Akin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1159\/000380950","article-title":"Anti-amoxicillin immunoglobulin E, histamine-2 receptor antagonist therapy and mast cell activation syndrome are risk factors for amoxicillin anaphylaxis","volume":"166","author":"Pastorello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14022","article-title":"Identification of a mast-cell-specific receptor crucial for pseudo-allergic drug reactions","volume":"519","author":"McNeil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12672","article-title":"H1-antihistamines for primary mast cell activation syndromes: a systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Nurmatov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12159","article-title":"Rupatadine improves quality of life in\u00a0mastocytosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Siebenhaar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000314164","article-title":"G-protein-coupled receptor 35 is a target of the asthma drugs cromolyn disodium and nedocromil sodium","volume":"86","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(90)90067-E","article-title":"Cromolyn sodium in the management of systemic mastocytosis","volume":"85","author":"Horan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.100594","article-title":"Diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients show mast cell activation and hyperplasia in the jejunum","volume":"56","author":"Guilarte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.11.055","article-title":"Activated mast cells in proximity to colonic nerves correlate with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"126","author":"Barbara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.11.039","article-title":"Mast cell-dependent excitation of visceral-nociceptive sensory neurons in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Barbara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-193","article-title":"Oral and inhaled sodium cromoglicate in the management of systemic mastocytosis: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Edwards","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.213108","article-title":"The mast cell stabiliser ketotifen decreases visceral hypersensitivity and improves intestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Klooker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90097-3","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of ketotifen versus hydroxyzine in the treatment of pediatric mastocytosis","volume":"83","author":"Kettelhut","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000144042","article-title":"Prevention of mast cell activation disorder-associated clinical sequelae of excessive prostaglandin D(2) production","volume":"147","author":"Butterfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.06.011","article-title":"Mast cell activation syndrome: improved identification by combined determinations of serum tryptase and 24-hour urine 11beta-prostaglandin2alpha","volume":"2","author":"Ravi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.10.032","article-title":"The novel flavone tetramethoxyluteolin is\u00a0a potent inhibitor of human mast cells","volume":"135","author":"Weng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033805","article-title":"Quercetin is more effective than cromolyn in blocking human mast cell cytokine release and inhibits contact dermatitis and photosensitivity in humans","volume":"7","author":"Weng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13237","article-title":"Omalizumab prevents anaphylaxis and improves symptoms in systemic mastocytosis: efficacy and safety observations","volume":"73","author":"Broesby-Olsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4640","article-title":"Omalizumab treatment of systemic mast cell activation disease: experiences from four cases","volume":"50","author":"Molderings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0325-1_10","article-title":"The antihistamine action of ascorbic acid","volume":"25","author":"Johnston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0132467","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132467","article-title":"Curcumin ingestion inhibits mastocytosis and suppresses intestinal anaphylaxis in a murine model of food allergy","volume":"10","author":"Kinney","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80399-7","article-title":"Challenge with gliadin induces eosinophil and mast cell activation in the jejunum of patients with celiac disease","volume":"87","author":"Lavo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12170","article-title":"Mast cells, glia and neuroinflammation: partners in crime?","volume":"141","author":"Skaper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13288","article-title":"Neuroendocrinology of mast cells: challenges and controversies","volume":"26","author":"Theoharides","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889856118300286?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889856118300286?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]],"date-time":"2018-07-14T16:42:24Z","timestamp":1531586544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889856118300286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889856118300286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8561","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nonclonal Mast Cell Activation Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}