{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:52:33Z","timestamp":1792450353121,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T17:27:27Z","timestamp":1528565247000},"page":"483-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Hereditary Alpha Tryptasemia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1409760","article-title":"Mast cells, mastocytosis, and related disorders","volume":"373","author":"Theoharides","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.121454","article-title":"Characterization of mast-cell tryptase-expressing peripheral blood cells as basophils","volume":"109","author":"Foster","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.126.4.1290","article-title":"Acid hydrolases and tryptase from secretory granules of dispersed human lung mast cells","volume":"126","author":"Schwartz","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00509.x","article-title":"Mast cell tryptases and chymases in inflammation and host defense","volume":"217","author":"Caughey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118337","article-title":"The alpha form of human tryptase is the predominant type present in blood at baseline in normal subjects and is elevated in those with systemic mastocytosis","volume":"96","author":"Schwartz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5667","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5667","article-title":"Tryptase precursors are preferentially and\u00a0spontaneously released, whereas mature tryptase is retained by HMC-1 cells, Mono-Mac-6 cells, and human skin-derived mast cells","volume":"170","author":"Schwartz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70184-3","article-title":"The potential clinical utility of serum alpha-protryptase levels","volume":"103","author":"Kanthawatana","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2007.02.007","article-title":"Tryptase haplotype in mastocytosis: relationship to disease variant and diagnostic utility of total tryptase levels","volume":"123","author":"Akin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2006.05.010","article-title":"Diagnostic value of tryptase in anaphylaxis and mastocytosis","volume":"26","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2014.05.002","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and risk profile of patients with elevated baseline serum tryptase","volume":"42","author":"Fellinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.124","article-title":"Factors influencing serum total tryptase concentrations in a general adult population","volume":"48","author":"Gonzalez-Quintela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib12","first-page":"282","article-title":"Serum tryptase levels and markers of renal dysfunction in a population with chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Sirvent","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-731893","article-title":"Mastocytosis: 2016 updated WHO classification and novel emerging treatment concepts","volume":"129","author":"Valent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1586\/17474086.2014.955008","article-title":"The serum tryptase test: an emerging robust biomarker in clinical hematology","volume":"7","author":"Valent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.039","article-title":"Mendelian inheritance of elevated serum tryptase associated with atopy and connective tissue abnormalities","volume":"133","author":"Lyons","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3696","article-title":"Elevated basal serum tryptase identifies a multisystem disorder associated with increased TPSAB1 copy number","volume":"48","author":"Lyons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.06.007","article-title":"Familial hypertryptasemia with associated mast cell activation syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Sabato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.136","article-title":"A\u00a0common haplotype containing functional CACNA1H variants is frequently coinherited with increased TPSAB1 copy number","volume":"20","author":"Lyons","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.02.026","article-title":"Tryptase genetics and anaphylaxis","volume":"117","author":"Caughey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.07.026","article-title":"Human subjects are protected from mast cell tryptase deficiency despite frequent inheritance of loss-of-function mutations","volume":"124","author":"Trivedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7136","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001804","article-title":"Promiscuous processing of human alphabeta-protryptases by cathepsins L, B, and C","volume":"186","author":"Le","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19670","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.28.19670","article-title":"Human tryptases alpha and beta\/II are functionally distinct due, in part, to a single amino acid difference in one of the surface loops that forms the substrate-binding cleft","volume":"274","author":"Huang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(02)00625-3","article-title":"The crystal structure of human alpha1-tryptase reveals a blocked substrate-binding region","volume":"321","author":"Marquardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1021\/bi015662v","article-title":"Diverse stability and catalytic properties of human tryptase alpha and beta isoforms are mediated by residue differences at the S1 pocket","volume":"41","author":"Selwood","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2002.282.2.L197","article-title":"Tryptase's potent mitogenic effects in human airway smooth muscle cells are via nonproteolytic actions","volume":"282","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"7536","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13907","article-title":"Resolving the complexity of the human genome using single-molecule sequencing","volume":"517","author":"Chaisson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114944","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114944","article-title":"A\u00a0simple, sensitive and safe method to determine the human alpha\/beta-tryptase genotype","volume":"9","author":"Le","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3200","article-title":"Large multiallelic copy number variations in humans","volume":"47","author":"Handsaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.11.037","article-title":"Chronic idiopathic urticaria: systemic complaints and their relationship with disease and immune measures","volume":"5","author":"Doong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib30","first-page":"65","article-title":"Basal serum tryptase level correlates with severity of hymenoptera sting and age","volume":"17","author":"Kucharewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12317","article-title":"Serum basal tryptase may be a good marker for predicting the risk of anaphylaxis in children with food allergy","volume":"69","author":"Sahiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib32","first-page":"1910","article-title":"The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in North America: a systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Saito","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.046","article-title":"Sensitization to Hymenoptera venoms is common, but systemic sting reactions are rare","volume":"133","author":"Sturm","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833b280c","article-title":"Mastocytosis and insect venom allergy","volume":"10","author":"Bonadonna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01755.x","article-title":"Elevated basal serum tryptase and hymenoptera venom allergy: relation to severity of sting reactions and to safety and efficacy of venom immunotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Haeberli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.027","article-title":"Predictors of severe systemic anaphylactic reactions in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy: importance of baseline serum tryptase-a study of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity","volume":"124","author":"Rueff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.02.036","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update","volume":"133","author":"Bernstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90454-1","article-title":"Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of cromolyn sodium with that of combined chlorpheniramine and cimetidine in systemic mastocytosis. Results of a double-blind clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Frieri","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00268.x","article-title":"Attenuated pain responses in mice lacking Ca(V)3.2 T-type channels","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100869108","article-title":"T-type calcium channels contribute to colonic hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Marger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"}],"container-title":["Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889856118300298?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889856118300298?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T23:24:32Z","timestamp":1693697072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889856118300298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889856118300298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8561","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hereditary Alpha Tryptasemia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}