{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:19:09Z","timestamp":1792718349135,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T21:58:50Z","timestamp":1706047130000},"page":"245-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pharmacologic Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Falk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbie","family":"Pesek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00562.x","article-title":"Eosinophils in the esophagus \u2013 peptic or allergic eosinophilic esophagitis? Case series of three patients with esophageal eosinophilia","volume":"101","author":"Ngo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.017","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and management","volume":"133","author":"Furuta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.71","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: Evidence based approach to the diagnosis and management of esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)","volume":"108","author":"Dellon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.009","article-title":"Updated international consensus diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: proceedings of the AGREE conference","volume":"155","author":"Dellon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310991","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia: an entity challenging current diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic oesophagitis","volume":"65","author":"Molina-Infante","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.02.016","article-title":"In esophageal squamous cells from eosinophilic esophagitis patients, Th2 cytokines increase eotaxin-3 secretion through effects on intracellular calcium and a non-gastric proton pump","volume":"160","author":"Odiase","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.043","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of proton pump inhibitor responsive esophageal eosinophilia reveals proton pump inhibitor reversible allergic inflammation","volume":"135","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.02.037","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors partially restore mucosal integrity in patients with proton pump inhibitor responsive esophageal eosinophilia but not eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"12","author":"van Rhijn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.041","article-title":"Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor drugs for inducing clinical and histologic remission in patients with symptomatic esophageal eosinophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Lucendo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.039","article-title":"Technical review on the management of eosinophilic esophagitis: a report from the AGA Institute and the Joint Task Force on Allergy-Immunology Practice Parameters","volume":"158","author":"Rank","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15957","article-title":"Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor therapy for eosinophilic oesophagitis in 630 patients: results from the EoE connect registry","volume":"52","author":"Laserna-Mendieta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003660","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor therapy in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis: predictive factors and long-term step-down efficacy","volume":"76","author":"Gutierrez-Junquera","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06633-4","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor therapy in eosinophilic esophagitis: predictors of nonresponse","volume":"66","author":"Alexander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of the clinical and allergy profiles of PPI responsive and non-responsive eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"36","author":"Golden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.314","article-title":"Long-term loss of response in proton pump inhibitor responsive esophageal eosinophilia is uncommon and influenced by CYP2C19 genotype and rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"110","author":"Molina-Infante","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13496","article-title":"The efficacy of step down therapy in adult patients with proton pump inhibitor responsive oesophageal eosinophilia","volume":"43","author":"Gomez-Torrijos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.03.006","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of proton pump inhibitors as a treatment modality for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"54","author":"Thakkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001952","article-title":"Long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors is effective in children with eosinophilic esophagits","volume":"67","author":"Gutierrez-Junquera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.031","article-title":"The risks and benefits of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors: expert review and best practice advice from the American Gastroenterological Association","volume":"152","author":"Freedberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.047","article-title":"Complications of proton pump inhibitor therapy","volume":"153","author":"Vaezi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.05.056","article-title":"Safety of proton pump inhibitors based on a large, multi-year, randomized trial of patients receiving rivaroxaban or aspirin","volume":"157","author":"Moayyedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib22","first-page":"1459","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) joint consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults","volume":"71","author":"Dhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.038","article-title":"AGA Institute and the Joint Task Force on Allergy-Immunology Practice Parameters Clinical Guidelines for the management of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"158","author":"Hirano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.10.022","article-title":"Potassium competitive acid blocker suppression of gastric acid in erosive esophagitis: Is stronger and longer better?","volume":"164","author":"Katzka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.167","article-title":"Sustained acid suppression by potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) may be an attractive treatment candidate for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"111","author":"Ishimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-020-00783-0","article-title":"Vonoprazan shows efficacy similar to that of proton pump inhibitors with respect to symptomatic, endoscopic, and histological response in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"18","author":"Kuzumoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujiwara Y, Sawada A, Ominami M, et\u00a0al. Responses of proton pump inhibitors and potassium-competitive acid blockers according to outcomes of symptom, endoscopy, and histology in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023, in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(23)01840-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib28","first-page":"90","article-title":"Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"27","author":"Faubion","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib29","first-page":"380","article-title":"Primary eosinophilic esophagitis in children: successful treatment with oral corticosteroids","volume":"26","author":"Liacouras","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.11.008","article-title":"Comparison of oral prednisone and topical fluticasone in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: a randomized trial in children","volume":"6","author":"Schaefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329873","article-title":"Comparison of drugs for active eosinophilic oesophagitis: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Visaggi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003834","article-title":"Variability in swallowed topical corticosteroid practice patterns for treatment of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"77","author":"Syverson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001170","article-title":"Variability in practices of compounding budesonide for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"116","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doaa120","article-title":"Treatment with compounded fluticasone suspension improves the clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"34","author":"Ketchem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.042","article-title":"Oral viscous mometasone is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"8","author":"Syverson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.058","article-title":"Ciclesonide impacts clinicopathological features of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"9","author":"Nistel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.247","article-title":"Histological response to fluticasone proprionate in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with improved functional esophageal mucosal integrity","volume":"110","author":"van Rhijn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01937.x","article-title":"Treatment with topical steroids downregulates IL-5, eotaxin-1\/CCL11, and eotaxin-3\/CCL26 gene expression in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"103","author":"Lucendo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.08.033","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluticasone propionate for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"131","author":"Konikoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00240-X","article-title":"Clinical and immunopathologic effects of swallowed fluticasone for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"2","author":"Noel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.10.024","article-title":"IL-13 involvement in eosinophilic esophagitis: transcriptome analysis and reversibility with glucocorticoids","volume":"120","author":"Blanchard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02142.x","article-title":"Resolution of remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis correlates with epithelial response to topical corticosteroids","volume":"65","author":"Aceves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.007","article-title":"Subepithelial collagen deposition, profibrogenic cytokine gene expression, and changes after prolonged fluticasone propionate treatment in adult eosinophilic esophagitis: a prospective study","volume":"128","author":"Lucendo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2020.07.010","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of efficacy of topical steroids in eosinophilic esophagitis: From the perspective of histologic, clinical, and endoscopic outcome","volume":"44","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.014","article-title":"Efficacy of budesonide vs fluticasone for initial treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"157","author":"Dellon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.09.005","article-title":"Clinical and molecular factors associated with histologic response to topical steroid treatment in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"17","author":"Eluri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.034","article-title":"Predictors of response to steroid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis and treatment of steroid-refractory patients","volume":"13","author":"Wolf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.11.004","article-title":"Higher body mass index Is associated with decreased treatment response to topical steroids in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"21","author":"Ketchem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doac071","article-title":"Pre-treatment differential correlation of gene expression and response to topical steroids in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"36","author":"Dellon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000622","article-title":"Validation of Epigenetic Markers for the Prediction of Response to Topical Corticosteroid Treatment in Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"14","author":"Jensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.08.050","article-title":"Recurrence of eosinophilic esophagitis activity after successful treatment in the observation phase of a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial","volume":"18","author":"Dellon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.238","article-title":"Swallowed fluticasone propionate is an effective long-term maintenance therapy for children with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"111","author":"Andreae","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.045","article-title":"Maintenance treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with swallowed topical steroids alters disease course over a 5-year follow-up period in adult patients","volume":"17","author":"Greuter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.051","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of budesonide oral suspension maintenance therapy in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"17","author":"Dellon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2017.27","article-title":"Diminishing effectiveness of long-term maintenance topical steroid therapy in PPI non-responsive eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"15","author":"Eluri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.08.027","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of high vs low dose swallowed topical steroids for maintenance treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: a multicenter observational study","volume":"19","author":"Greuter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.09.020","article-title":"Maintenance therapy with the lowest effective dose of oral viscous budesonide in children with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"20","author":"Oliva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/dox042","article-title":"Control of inflammation decreases the need for subsequent esophageal dilation in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"30","author":"Runge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12455","article-title":"Swallowed topical corticosteroids reduce the risk for long-lasting bolus impactions in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"69","author":"Kuchen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001850","article-title":"Poor Adherence to Medical and Dietary Treatments in Adult Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"117","author":"Haasnoot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17430","article-title":"Safety of an investigational formulation of budesonide (budesonide oral suspension) for eosinophilic oesophagitis: an integrated safety analysis of six phase 1-3 clinical trials encompassing 514 patients","volume":"57","author":"Hirano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14573","article-title":"Systematic review: adrenal insufficiency secondary to swallowed topical corticosteroids in eosinophilic oesophagitis","volume":"47","author":"Philpott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000848","article-title":"Adrenal suppression in children treated with oral viscous budesonide for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"61","author":"Harel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.11.026","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency after chronic swallowed glucocorticoid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"170","author":"Golekoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002537","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency in children with eosinophilic esophagitis treated with topical corticosteroids","volume":"70","author":"Bose","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.025","article-title":"Efficacy of budesonide orodispersible tablets as induction therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"157","author":"Lucendo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.07.039","article-title":"Budesonide orodispersible tablets maintain remission in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"159","author":"Straumann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.04.022","article-title":"Budesonide oral suspension improves outcomes in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis: results from a phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Hirano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15670","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: the safety and tolerability of fluticasone propionate orally disintegrating tablets versus placebo for eosinophilic oesophagitis","volume":"51","author":"Hirano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alimemt Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.013","article-title":"Fluticasone propionate orally disintegrating tablet (APT 1011) for eosinophilic esophagitis: randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Dellon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2205982","article-title":"Dupilumab in adults and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"387","author":"Es","year":"2022","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.10.051","article-title":"RCP4046, a monoclonal antibody against IL13, reduced histologic and endoscopic activity in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"156","author":"Hirano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.03.036","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and tolerability of RPC4046 in an open-label extension trial of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"19","author":"Dellon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.09.007","article-title":"Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"118","author":"Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.178558","article-title":"Anti-interleukin-5 antibody treatment (mepolizumab) in active eosinophilic oesophagitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"59","author":"Straumann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.044","article-title":"An antibody against IL-5 reduces numbers of esophageal eosinophils in children with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"141","author":"Assa\u2019ad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330337","article-title":"Mepolizumab for treatment of adolescents and adults with eosinophilic oesophagitis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"72","author":"Dellon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.044","article-title":"Reslizumab in children and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"129","author":"Spergel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.02.037","article-title":"Benralizuamb completely depletes gastrointestinal tissue eosinophils and improves symptoms in eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease","volume":"10","author":"Kuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.06.005","article-title":"Siglec-8 as a drugable target to treat eosinophil and mast cell-associated conditions","volume":"135","author":"Kiwamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012047","article-title":"Anti-Siglec-8 antibody for eosinophilic gastritis and duodenitis","volume":"383","author":"Dellon","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S446","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000858424.48968.ad","article-title":"Results from KRYPTOS, a phase 2\/3 study of lirentelimab (AK002) in adults and adolescents with EoE","volume":"117","author":"Dellon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S449","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000858436.90680.1a","article-title":"Lirentelimab (AK002) safety and efficacy in patients with higher eosinophil thresholds: supplementary analysis of phase 2\/3 EoE KRYPTOS trial","volume":"117","author":"Dellon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib84","first-page":"2699","article-title":"Emerging role of alarmins in food allergy: an update on pathophysiologica insights, potential use as disease biomarkers, and therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Rizzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3033","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis of eosinophilic esophagitis provides insight into tissue specificity of this allergic disease","volume":"46","author":"Kottyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.03.031","article-title":"TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) regulates midline-1, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, inflammation, and remodeling in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"136","author":"Collinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202210-2005OC","article-title":"Efficacy of tezepelumab in severe, uncontrolled asthma: pooled analysis of the PATHWAY and NAVIGATOR clinical trials","volume":"208","author":"Corren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13550","article-title":"Modulation of allergic inflammation in the lung by a peptide derived from Mycobacteria tuberculosis chaperonin 60.1","volume":"50","author":"Riffo-Vasquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0157376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157376","article-title":"JAK-STAT6 pathway inhibitors block eotaxin-3 secretion by epithelial cells and fibroblasts from esophageal eosinophilia patients: promising agents to improve inflammation and prevent fibrosis in EoE","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232558","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232558","article-title":"Treatment-resistant eosinophilic oesophagitis successfully managed with tofacitinib","volume":"12","author":"Mendoza Alvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00527-x","article-title":"Dupilumab provides favorable safety and sustained efficacy for up to 3 years in an open-label study of adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.12.046","article-title":"Incidence of anti-drug antibodies to monoclonal antibodies in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.12.014","article-title":"Clinical guidance for the use of dupilumab in eosinophilic esophagitis: A yardstick","volume":"130","author":"Aceves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"}],"container-title":["Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889856123001133?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889856123001133?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T10:16:15Z","timestamp":1712139375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889856123001133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889856123001133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8561","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pharmacologic Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iac.2023.12.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}