{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:54:20Z","timestamp":1789192460857,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"India Ministry of Science & Technology Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DST\/CSRI-P\/2017\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST\/CSRI-P\/2017\/26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020219","name":"Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ibroneuroreports.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IBRO Neuroscience Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:52:07Z","timestamp":1755067927000},"page":"426-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Glycated hemoglobin levels and geriatric depression impact cognitive status in an Indian urban elderly community"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhaktee","family":"Dongaonkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman Deep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swathi B.","family":"Hurakadli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Godbole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2014.07.006","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 intake and mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in the Women\u2019s health initiative memory study","volume":"115","author":"Agnew-Blais","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"issue":"90","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib2","first-page":"277","article-title":"Antidiabetic drugs and their potential role in treating mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Alagiakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Discov. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73138","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus accelerates brain aging and cognitive decline: complementary findings from UK biobank and meta-analyses","volume":"11","author":"Antal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.357","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly","volume":"19","author":"Baik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-170004","article-title":"Use of the quick dementia rating system (QDRS) as an initial screening measure in a longitudinal cohort at risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Berman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib7","first-page":"069","article-title":"Glycosylated hemoglobin and cognitive impairment in patients at a memory clinic in patients at a memory clinic","volume":"4","author":"Binder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurol. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108939","article-title":"Cognitive function among older adults with diabetes and prediabetes, NHANES 2011\u20132014","volume":"178","author":"Casagrande","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.798652","article-title":"Age related prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Indian population and association of serum lipids with cognitive dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mini mental state examination and logical memory scores for entry into Alzheimer\u2019s disease trials","volume":"8","author":"Chapman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830514Y.0000000136","article-title":"B vitamin supplementation improves cognitive function in the middle aged and elderly with hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.07.012","article-title":"Egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames in aging: a systematic review","volume":"80","author":"Colombo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642018dn12-010013","article-title":"Diagnostic relevance of spatial orientation for vascular dementia: a case study","volume":"12","author":"Coughlan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.110775","article-title":"Effects of vitamin B-12 supplementation on neurologic and cognitive function in older people: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Dangour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"199","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib15","first-page":"37","article-title":"An urban community-based study of cognitive function among non-demented elderly population in India","volume":"11","author":"Das","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurol. Asia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5227","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) for cognitive screening in old age psychiatry: determining cutoff scores in clinical practice. Avoiding spectrum bias caused by healthy controls","volume":"35","author":"Dautzenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2758","article-title":"Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"de Jager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxs003","article-title":"Vitamin B12 intake and status and cognitive function in elderly people","volume":"35","author":"Doets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib19","first-page":"43","article-title":"Relationship between the activities of daily living questionnaire and the Montreal cognitive assessment","volume":"4","author":"Durant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. Dement. Diagn. Assess. Dis. Monit."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14668","article-title":"Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes and neuropsychological performance in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"38","author":"Dyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.v14i3.17","article-title":"Age and verbal fluency: the mediating effect of speed of processing","volume":"14","author":"Elgamal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. Geriatr. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib22","first-page":"249","article-title":"The quick dementia rating system (QDRS): a rapid dementia staging tool","volume":"1","author":"Galvin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. Dement. Diagn. Assess. Dis. Monit."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000292204.52313.f3","article-title":"How to try this: the geriatric depression scale: short form","volume":"107","author":"Greenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2011.02.010","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging in geriatric depression","volume":"34","author":"Gunning","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Psychiatric clinics of North America"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12568","article-title":"Cognitive and affective functions in diabetic patients associated with diabetes-related factors, White matter abnormality and aging","volume":"22","author":"Hishikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2014.04.001","article-title":"Dementia and cognitive impairment","volume":"30","author":"Hugo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Diagn. Treat. Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00169-1","article-title":"No effect of vitamin B-12 treatment on cognitive function and depression: a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"81","author":"Hvas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264937","article-title":"Prevalence and potential determinants of chronic disease among elderly in India: Rural-urban perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Jana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib29","first-page":"223","article-title":"The activities of daily living questionnaire: a validation study in patients with dementia","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12572","article-title":"COGNITO (Computerized assessment of adult information processing): normative scores for a rural Indian population from the SANSCOG study","volume":"19","author":"Kahali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. Dement."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/0091415017712186","article-title":"Relationship of Depression With Executive Functions and Visuospatial Memory in Elderly","volume":"85","author":"Kloj\u010dnik","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Aging and Human Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_24_19","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and its association with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"23","author":"Lalithambika","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010129","article-title":"Mechanistic link between vitamin B12 and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Lauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib34","first-page":"5978","article-title":"Impact of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on cognitive functions in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"25","author":"Maan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"ement","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S361","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.66.S361","article-title":"Status of vitamin B12 among healthy adult and elderly population in India: a review","volume":"66","author":"Malik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/154733251803000107","article-title":"Determinants of cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Mansur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030923","article-title":"Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and fatigue: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"13","author":"Markun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.32779","article-title":"Mini mental state examination and the addenbrooke's cognitive examination: effect of education and norms for a multicultural population","volume":"55","author":"Mathuranath","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurol. India"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.25.8.1057.16736","article-title":"Effects of age, education and gender on verbal fluency","volume":"25","author":"Mathuranath","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Older adults show reduced spatial precision but preserved Strategy-Use during spatial navigation involving Body-Based cues","volume":"13","author":"McAvan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1159\/000512393","article-title":"Validation of Indian council of medical research neurocognitive tool box in diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in India: lessons from a harmonization process in a linguistically diverse society","volume":"49","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01827-x","article-title":"Effect of poor glycemic control in cognitive performance in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Mexican health and aging study","volume":"20","author":"Mimenza-Alvarado","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"7913","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04786-y","article-title":"Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan","volume":"606","author":"Mitchell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025473","article-title":"A cross-sectional study to assess prevalence and factors associated with mild cognitive impairment among older adults in an urban area of Kerala, South India","volume":"9","author":"Mohan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.161828","article-title":"Status of vitamins B-12 and B-6 but not of folate, homocysteine, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism are associated with impaired cognition and depression in adults","volume":"142","author":"Moorthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.193","article-title":"Folate and vitamin B-12 status in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification","volume":"85","author":"Morris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04076.x","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 and folate status in relation to decline in scores on the Mini-Mental state examination in the framingham heart study","volume":"60","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02314-7","article-title":"Association of late-life depression with cognitive impairment: evidence from a cross-sectional study among older adults in India","volume":"21","author":"Muhammad","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC geriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1489-y","article-title":"Vitamin B12 and folate status in cognitively healthy older adults and associations with cognitive performance","volume":"25","author":"Nalder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811205020131","article-title":"Cognition in Non-Demented diabetic older adults","volume":"5","author":"Nandipati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Aging Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib52","first-page":"278","article-title":"Cognitive ageing in developing societies: an overview and a Cross-sectional study on young, Middle-aged and older adults in the Indian context","volume":"32","author":"Nigam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Dev. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00019-3","article-title":"Serotonin, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral metabolic rate in geriatric major depression and normal aging","volume":"30","author":"Nobler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain research reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050588","article-title":"Association of diabetes mellitus and dementia: the rotterdam study","volume":"39","author":"Ott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-207588","article-title":"Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes and trajectories of change in episodic memory performance","volume":"71","author":"Pappas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity","volume":"256","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700000941","article-title":"Normative data stratified by age and education for the neuropsychological screening battery for hispanics (NeSBHIS): initial report","volume":"2","author":"Pont\u00f3n","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib58","series-title":"Porteus tests \u2013 vineland revision","author":"Porteus","year":"1933"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0272","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risk for incident alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia: the Three-City study","volume":"32","author":"Raffaitin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90348-4","article-title":"Visuospatial learning impairment following lesion of the cholinergic projection to the hippocampus","volume":"456","author":"Ridley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.10.001","article-title":"Comparative accuracies of two common screening instruments for classification of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy aging","volume":"9","author":"Roalf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.11.003","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly population (>60 years) presenting with dementia to outpatient department","volume":"78","author":"Sashindran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib63","series-title":"Clinical Gerontology: A Guide to Assessment and Intervention","first-page":"165","article-title":"Geriatric depression scale (GDS). recent evidence and development of a shorter version","author":"Sheikh","year":"1986"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(81)90090-7","article-title":"The role of the right hippocampus in the recall of spatial location","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001170","article-title":"Prevalence, distribution, and impact of mild cognitive impairment in latin america, China, and India: a 10\/66 population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Sosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib66","series-title":"Manual for the State-Trait inventory STAI (Form Y)","author":"Spielberger","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112280","article-title":"Effect of metformin treatment on memory and hippocampal neurogenesis decline correlated with oxidative stress induced by methotrexate in rats","volume":"144","author":"Sritawan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.05.025","article-title":"The maze test: a significant predictor of older driver crash risk","volume":"50","author":"Staplin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170700102X","article-title":"Geriatric depression and cognitive impairment","volume":"38","author":"Steffens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib70","first-page":"167","article-title":"Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and animal naming","volume":"14","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642014DN82000010","article-title":"Age, education and gender effects on neuropsychological functions in healthy Indian older adults","volume":"8","author":"Tripathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642018dn13-010013","article-title":"Indian older adults and the digit span: a preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Tripathi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.92059","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in normally aging urban older adults: a community-based study","volume":"33","author":"Tripathi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0103-3","article-title":"Relationship between the Montreal cognitive assessment and Mini-mental state examination for assessment of mild cognitive impairment in older adults","volume":"15","author":"Trzepacz","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12338","article-title":"Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities in patients with alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia compared to a psychiatric control cohort","volume":"18","author":"Vogelgsang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib76","series-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence Scale\u2014Fourth edition","author":"Wechsler","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib77","series-title":"WMS-III India: Wechsler memory scale","author":"Wechsler","year":"2009"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001655","article-title":"Glucose indices are associated with cognitive and structural brain measures in young adults","volume":"84","author":"Weinstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.04.047","article-title":"Cobalamin: a critical vitamin in the elderly","volume":"39","author":"Wolters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Preventive medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1159\/000205512","article-title":"Development of the subjective memory complaints questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Youn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200534","article-title":"Vitamin B12, B6, or folate and cognitive function in Community-Dwelling older adults: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988716673466","article-title":"Efficacy of vitamin b supplementation on cognition in elderly patients with Cognitive-Related diseases: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4541-7","article-title":"HbA1c, diabetes and cognitive decline: the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"61","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0227-1","article-title":"New views and possibilities of antidiabetic drugs in treating and\/or preventing mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."}],"container-title":["IBRO Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667242125001241?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667242125001241?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T21:59:02Z","timestamp":1772920742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667242125001241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S2667242125001241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-2421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-2421","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glycated hemoglobin levels and geriatric depression impact cognitive status in an Indian urban elderly community","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Brain Research Organization.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}