{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:19:34Z","timestamp":1767374374510,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ibroneuroreports.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IBRO Neuroscience Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T09:41:47Z","timestamp":1755510107000},"page":"456-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Role of isoflavones in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Anushya vardhini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sowmiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Abdul Sameer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sakthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Divya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Monisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098559","article-title":"Isolation of antiosteoporotic compounds from seeds of sophora japonica","volume":"9","author":"Abdallah","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01700-2","article-title":"Role of fenofibrate in multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Abulaban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"issue":"12 cz 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek202012122","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis - risk factors","volume":"73","author":"Adamczyk-Sowa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wiad. Lek."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1347987","article-title":"The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: current understanding and future therapeutic targets","volume":"16","author":"Adamu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100430","article-title":"Formononetin upregulates Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling and prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney injury in Methotrexate-Induced rats","volume":"8","author":"Aladaileh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2272","article-title":"Biochanin-A has antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and protective effects on diabetic nephropathy via suppression of TGF-\u03b21 and PAR-2 genes expression in kidney tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats","volume":"69","author":"Amri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2010.541900","article-title":"Risks and benefits of dietary isoflavones for cancer","volume":"41","author":"Andres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8370","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168370","article-title":"Reviewing the significance of Blood-Brain barrier disruption in multiple sclerosis pathology and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Balasa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2009.0030","article-title":"The biochemistry, chemistry and physiology of the isoflavones in soybeans and their food products","volume":"8","author":"Barnes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lymphat Res. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5656","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115656","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of isoflavones in inflammation and chronic degenerative diseases","volume":"22","author":"Bernatoniene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081638","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and clinical profile in Relapsing-Remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Bizo\u0144","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-021-02080-4","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis is linked to MAPKERK overactivity in microglia","volume":"99","author":"Ten Bosch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000083773","article-title":"Health effects of phytoestrogens","volume":"57","author":"Branca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forum Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.120675","article-title":"Biochanin a protects against acute carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"77","author":"Breikaa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.11.006","article-title":"CX(3)CR1 drives cytotoxic CD4(+)CD28(-) t cells into the brain of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"38","author":"Broux","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12141872","article-title":"The gut-brain axis as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Buga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020317","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and health effects","volume":"15","author":"Canivenc-Lavier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.12.025","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects and improved prognosis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after O-tetradecanoyl-genistein treatment","volume":"12","author":"Castro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.07.008","article-title":"The role of antigen presenting cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1812","author":"Chastain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000290","article-title":"Do soy isoflavones improve cognitive function in postmenopausal women? A meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2008.07.001","article-title":"Protective effect of isoflavones from trifolium pratense on dopaminergic neurons","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(07)79003-7","article-title":"The role of CD4 t cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"79","author":"Chitnis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib23","first-page":"747","article-title":"Anticancer mechanism of equol in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated animals","volume":"39","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15140","article-title":"Contextualized metabolic modelling revealed factors affecting isoflavone accumulation in soybean seeds","author":"Contador","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450118666171109150731","article-title":"Main isoflavones found in dietary sources as natural Anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"19","author":"Danciu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1439","article-title":"Daidzein, its effects on impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and vascular inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00535-4","article-title":"Soy isoflavone supplementation in healthy men prevents NF-kappa b activation by TNF-alpha in blood lymphocytes","volume":"30","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/sci3010012","article-title":"Role of peripheral immune cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"3","author":"Dhaiban","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03007-9","article-title":"Glycitein prevents reserpine-induced depression and associated comorbidities in mice: modulation of lipid peroxidation and TNF-\u03b1 levels","volume":"397","author":"Diksha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiede Arch. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13819","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis - a review","volume":"26","author":"Dobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197336","article-title":"Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Dolcetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib32","first-page":"447","article-title":"Glycitein exerts neuroprotective effects in Rotenone-triggered oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in the cellular model of parkinson's disease","volume":"69","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073858","article-title":"Targeting vascular impairment, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress dynamics with Whole-Body cryotherapy in multiple sclerosis treatment","volume":"25","author":"Dziedzic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2022.v12.i5.8","article-title":"Influence of genistein and diadizine on regularity of estrous cycle in cyclic female wistar rat: interaction with estradiol receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"12","author":"Elsayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26060","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05862-z","article-title":"Soybean isoflavone ameliorates cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and amyloid \u03b2 accumulation in a rat model of alzheimer's disease","volume":"26","author":"Essawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115071","article-title":"The emerging role of the microglia triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) 2 in multiple sclerosis","volume":"384","author":"Farzan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-03-00782.2002","article-title":"Distinct role for microglia in rotenone-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01588-0","article-title":"Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sig Transduct. Target Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10588-x","article-title":"Expression of a \u03b2-glucosidase in bacteria with biotechnological interest confers them the ability to deglycosylate lignans and flavonoids in vegetal foods","volume":"104","author":"Gaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2127446","article-title":"Dietary isoflavones alter gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis to reduce inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Ghimire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib41","unstructured":"Goldenberg, M.M., 2012. Multiple sclerosis review. P T. 2012 Mar;37(3):175-184. PMID: 22605909; PMCID: PMC3351877."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01444.x","article-title":"Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and the place of teriflunomide","volume":"124","author":"Gold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.09.047","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and phytoestrogen metabolites differentially modulate immune parameters in human leukocytes","volume":"46","author":"Gredel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00374","article-title":"Microglia in multiple sclerosis: friend or foe?","volume":"11","author":"Guerrero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23298","article-title":"Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of genistein in staphylococcus aureus induced osteomyelitis in rats","volume":"37","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-024-01846-7","article-title":"Neuroprotective impact of glycitin on memory impairment in a pentylenetetrazol-induced chronic epileptic rat model: insights into hippocampal histology, oxidative stress, and inflammation","volume":"79","author":"Hakimi Naeini","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037297","article-title":"Review of multiple sclerosis: epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment","volume":"103","author":"Haki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm.","year":"2007","author":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib48"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.049","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review","volume":"133","author":"Hauser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2003.09.003","article-title":"Metabolism of the soy isoflavones daidzein, genistein and glycitein in human subjects. Identification of new metabolites having an intact isoflavonoid skeleton","volume":"87","author":"Heinonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2404-4","article-title":"Genistein inhibits rotavirus replication and upregulates AQP4 expression in rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells","volume":"160","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(03)00104-7","article-title":"The phytoestrogen equol increases nitric oxide availability by inhibiting superoxide production: an antioxidant mechanism for cell-mediated LDL modification","volume":"34","author":"Hwang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-916259","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by isoflavonoids from the leaves of millettia taiwaniana in human leukemia HL-60 cells","volume":"72","author":"Ito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285609337976","article-title":"Identifying patient subtypes in multiple sclerosis and tailoring immunotherapy: challenges for the future","volume":"2","author":"De Jager","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib55","first-page":"509","article-title":"Effect of oral genistein administration in early and late phases of allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"17","author":"Jahromi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21741","article-title":"Quercetin as a possible complementary therapy in multiple sclerosis: Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and remyelination potential properties","volume":"9","author":"Javanbakht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2002.33352","article-title":"Effects of high- and low-isoflavone (phytoestrogen) soy foods on inflammatory biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines in middle-aged men and women","volume":"51","author":"Jenkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd4595","article-title":"Isoflavone diet ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through modulation of gut bacteria depleted in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Jensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6289","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126289","article-title":"Oxidative stress markers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-1302-1","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of formononetin on human cervical cancer cell line HeLa","volume":"35","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2000.tb01014.x","article-title":"Suppressive effects of dietary genistin and daidzin on rat prostate carcinogenesis","volume":"91","author":"Kato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn J. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib62","first-page":"175","article-title":"The impact of soy isoflavone supplementation on the menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women","volume":"13","author":"Khapre","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Midlife Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00367-3","article-title":"The effect of A1 and A2 reactive astrocyte expression on hydrocephalus shunt failure","volume":"19","author":"Khodadadei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071064","article-title":"Current perspectives on the beneficial effects of soybean isoflavones and their metabolites for humans","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6113","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18056113","article-title":"The ameliorative effect of sophoricoside on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation in vivo and in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071064","article-title":"Current perspectives on the beneficial effects of soybean isoflavones and their metabolites for humans","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7001","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.17.7001","article-title":"Isoflavones: chemistry, analysis, functions and effects on health and cancer","volume":"15","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2015.01.018","article-title":"Estrogen receptors regulate innate immune cells and signaling pathways","volume":"294","author":"Kovats","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020482","article-title":"T helper cells: the modulators of inflammation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Kunkl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061076","article-title":"Isoflavones","volume":"24","author":"K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.153353","article-title":"Combined bioavailable isoflavones and probiotics improve bone status and estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"106","author":"Lambert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701542716","article-title":"The key importance of soy isoflavone bioavailability to understanding health benefits","volume":"48","author":"Larkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a028936","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028936","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis pathology","volume":"8","author":"Lassmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17020236","article-title":"Isoflavones effects on vascular and endothelial outcomes: how is the gut microbiota involved?","volume":"17","author":"Laudani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071381","article-title":"Phytochemicals targeting estrogen receptors: beneficial rather than adverse effects?","volume":"18","author":"Lecomte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071381","article-title":"Phytochemicals targeting estrogen receptors: beneficial rather than adverse effects?","volume":"18","author":"Lecomte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.06.033","article-title":"Formononetin mediates neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion in rats via downregulation of the Bax\/Bcl-2 ratio and upregulation PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"344","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01024","article-title":"Interaction of microglia and astrocytes in the neurovascular unit","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Im.munol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2020-0197","article-title":"Formononetin protects against concanavalin-A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice through its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib80","article-title":"Sophoricoside reduces inflammation in type II collagen-induced arthritis by downregulating NLRP3 signaling","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390953","article-title":"Biochanin a attenuates spinal cord injury in rats during early stages by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammasome activation","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14047","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of sophoricoside against Fructose-Induced liver injury via regulating lipid metabolism, oxidation, and inflammation in mice","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib83","article-title":"Effects of soybean isoflavone aglycone on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib84","first-page":"32","article-title":"An herbal extract combination (Biochanin A, Acetyl tetrapeptide-3, and Ginseng Extracts) versus 3% minoxidil solution for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: a 24-week, prospective, randomized, Triple-blind, controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Lueangarun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.023713","article-title":"Equol is a novel anti-androgen that inhibits prostate growth and hormone feedback","volume":"70","author":"Lund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12183401","article-title":"Bioaccessibility evaluation of soymilk isoflavones with biotransformation processing","volume":"12","author":"Macedo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094332","article-title":"miR-155 as an important regulator of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. A review","volume":"22","author":"Maciak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094332","article-title":"miR-155 as an important regulator of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. A review","volume":"22","author":"Maciak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12408","article-title":"Topical equol preparation improves structural and molecular skin parameters","volume":"39","author":"Magnet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5824","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1895054","article-title":"Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data","volume":"62","author":"Messina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-7-17","article-title":"Soy isoflavones, estrogen therapy, and breast cancer risk: analysis and commentary","volume":"7","author":"Messina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib92","article-title":"-Equol, a major isoflavone from soybean, inhibits nitric oxide production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated rat astrocytes partially via the GPR30-Mediated pathway","volume":"2018","author":"Moriyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflam."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6087","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2163372","article-title":"Soy isoflavone intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"64","author":"Naghshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162771","article-title":"Dietary isoflavones intake and gastric cancer","volume":"16","author":"Natale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1154","article-title":"Genistein, daidzein and glycitein inhibit growth and DNA synthesis of aortic smooth muscle cells from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"131","author":"Pan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45020094","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: inflammatory and neuroglial aspects","volume":"45","author":"Papiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.05.002","article-title":"Genistein down-modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and reverses clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"8","author":"De Paula","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7191080","article-title":"Inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: consequences for therapy development","volume":"2020","author":"Pegoretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0045(20001001)45:2<101::AID-PROS3>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Prevention of spontaneous prostate-related cancer in Lobund-Wistar rats by a soy protein isolate\/isoflavone diet","volume":"45","author":"Pollard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020353","article-title":"Excitotoxins, mitochondrial and redox disturbances in multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Rajda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70094-6","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: risk factors, prodromes, and potential causal pathways","volume":"9","author":"Ramagopalan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2021.10.003","article-title":"Relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress and its effect on multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Ramos-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2017.1247695","article-title":"Pathophysiology, assessment and management of multiple sclerosis fatigue: an update","volume":"17","author":"Rottoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.55.167","article-title":"Soy isoflavones and immunity","volume":"55","author":"Sakai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2023-0091","article-title":"Oxidative stress involvement in the molecular pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis: a literature review","volume":"35","author":"Sanabria-Castro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11071139","article-title":"Astrocytic glutamatergic transmission and its implications in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"11","author":"Satarker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122689","article-title":"Obesity and multiple sclerosis-a multifaceted association","volume":"10","author":"Schreiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3268136","article-title":"Genistein: an integrative overview of its mode of action, pharmacological properties, and health benefits","volume":"2021","author":"Sharifi-Rad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.3.588","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of genistein and daidzein in men and women after consumption of a soy beverage 1-3 [Internet]","volume":"76","author":"Shelnutt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.12.015","article-title":"A natural flavonoid glucoside icariin inhibits Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"24","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-022-01944-1","article-title":"Isoflavone consumption reduces inflammation through modulation of phenylalanine and lipid metabolism","volume":"18","author":"Shrode","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.07.057","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and their effects","volume":"741","author":"Sirotkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2003.11.001","article-title":"The soy isoflavone, genistein, protects human cortical neuronal cells from oxidative stress","volume":"25","author":"Sonee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115707","article-title":"Immunology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Sospedra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2019.03.005","article-title":"The soybean rhizosphere: metabolites, microbes, and beyond-A review","volume":"19","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2011.51","article-title":"Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of formononetin through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00229","article-title":"The effect of soy isoflavones on steroid metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Swart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2009.10","article-title":"Isoflavone supplements stimulated the production of serum equol and decreased the serum dihydrotestosterone levels in healthy Male volunteers","volume":"12","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01672-y","article-title":"Oxidative\/Nitroxidative stress and multiple sclerosis","volume":"71","author":"Tobore","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3374","article-title":"Multifaceted involvement of microglia in gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Tsouki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04400.x","article-title":"Effects of natural S-equol supplements on overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Japanese, based on sex and equol status","volume":"78","author":"Usui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56020049","article-title":"Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: an update on the disease modifying treatment strategy and a review of pregnancy's impact on disease activity","volume":"56","author":"Varyt\u0117","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-012-0112-y","article-title":"Isoflavones: estrogenic activity, biological effect and bioavailability","volume":"38","author":"Vitale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03016-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction of peripheral immune cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16131","article-title":"Occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts and strategies to enhance their content: a review","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10052","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules170910052","article-title":"Formononetin attenuates IL-1\u03b2-induced apoptosis and NF-\u03baB activation in INS-1 cells","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2006.7.3.217","article-title":"Protective effect of the isoflavone equol against DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation to hairless mouse skin","volume":"7","author":"Widyarini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170077","article-title":"A mitochondrial Biomarker-Based study of S-Equol in alzheimer's disease subjects: results of a Single-Arm, pilot trial","volume":"59","author":"Wilkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2010.12.009","article-title":"The immunopathophysiology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15624","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules181215624","article-title":"Modulation of lipogenesis and glucose consumption in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes by sophoricoside","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22949","article-title":"Daidzein exerts neuroprotective activity against MPTP-induced parkinson's disease in experimental mice and lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.986192","article-title":"S-Equol enhances osteoblastic bone formation and prevents bone loss through OPG\/RANKL via the PI3K\/Akt pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.04.021","article-title":"Multiple mechanisms of soy isoflavones against oxidative stress-induced endothelium injury","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2024.109542","article-title":"Cardioprotective effects of S-equol, a soybean metabolite with estrogen activity, and role of the PI3K\/Akt pathway in a Male rat model of ischemic reperfusion","volume":"213","author":"Yamada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib135","article-title":"Association between daidzein intake and metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017-2018","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib136","article-title":"Isoflavonoid metabolism in leguminous plants: an update and perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2020.93638","article-title":"Sophoricoside attenuates neuronal injury and altered cognitive function by regulating the LTR-4\/NF-\u03baB\/PI3K signalling pathway in anaesthetic-exposed neonatal rats","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b05776","article-title":"Comprehensive study of the in vivo and in vitro metabolism of dietary isoflavone biochanin a based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS\/MS","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2014.8.6.618","article-title":"Antioxidant action of soy isoflavones on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in exercised rats","volume":"8","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib140","article-title":"Isoflavones: Anti-inflammatory benefit and possible caveats","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. MDPI AG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib141","article-title":"Perspectives regarding the role of biochanin a in humans","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/09731296221137378","article-title":"Daidzein ameliorates cerebral Ischemic-reperfusion induced neuroinflammation in wistar rats via inhibiting NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209351","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of multiple sclerosis in China, 1990-2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9381","article-title":"Biochanin a alleviates gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental periodontitis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib145","first-page":"7809","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of O-methylated isoflavone glycitein on human breast cancer SKBR-3 cells","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.12.006","article-title":"Dietary isoflavones or isoflavone-rich food intake and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081495","article-title":"Potential utility of natural products against oxidative stress in animal models of multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Zha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012_bib148","first-page":"945","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and excretion study of sophoricoside and its metabolite in rats by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","author":"Zhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."}],"container-title":["IBRO Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667242125001289?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667242125001289?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T04:26:05Z","timestamp":1766031965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667242125001289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":148,"alternative-id":["S2667242125001289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-2421"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2667-2421"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of isoflavones in multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Brain Research Organization.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}