{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:45:43Z","timestamp":1791816343255,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012876","name":"CU Anschutz Ludeman Family Center for Women&apos;s Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012876","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG079217\\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG079217\\u201301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ibroneuroreports.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IBRO Neuroscience Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:03:19Z","timestamp":1756828999000},"page":"624-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from females with multiple sclerosis highlights elevated microglial function and impaired neurogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Oldham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6890-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Saviola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley D.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26858","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review","volume":"325","author":"McGinley","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib2","unstructured":"Society N.M.S. Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms 2025 [Available from: https:\/\/www.nationalmssociety.org\/understanding-ms\/what-is-ms\/ms-symptoms."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1135","article-title":"Population-Based estimates for the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the United States by race, ethnicity, age, sex, and geographic region","volume":"80","author":"Hittle","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00425","article-title":"The multiple sclerosis (MS) genetic risk factors indicate both acquired and innate immune cell subsets contribute to MS pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic opportunities","volume":"8","author":"Parnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.04.004","article-title":"Immune system dysregulation in the progression of multiple sclerosis: molecular insights and therapeutic implications","volume":"548","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6578","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj8222","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis","volume":"375","author":"Bjornevik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10422","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01473-3","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"403","author":"Jakimovski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2024.1412482","article-title":"Imaging phenotypic differences in multiple sclerosis: at the crossroads of aging, sex, race, and ethnicity","volume":"5","author":"Nathoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Glob. Women\u2019s. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1251667","article-title":"Menopausal transition in multiple sclerosis: relationship with disease activity and brain volume measurements","volume":"14","author":"Lorefice","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq418","article-title":"MetPA: a web-based metabolomics tool for pathway analysis and visualization","volume":"26","author":"Xia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz931","article-title":"ShinyGO: a graphical gene-set enrichment tool for animals and plants","volume":"36","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W782","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac392","article-title":"WebCSEA: web-based cell-type-specific enrichment analysis of genes","volume":"50","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2312-22.2023","article-title":"Elevated Galectin-3 is associated with aging, multiple sclerosis, and oxidized Phosphatidylcholine-Induced neurodegeneration","volume":"43","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.02.042","article-title":"Increased microglial catalase activity in multiple sclerosis grey matter","volume":"1559","author":"Gray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.666961","article-title":"Central nervous system barriers impact distribution and expression of iNOS and Arginase-1 in infiltrating macrophages during neuroinflammation","volume":"12","author":"Ivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1064008","article-title":"Expression of risk genes linked to vitamin d receptor super-enhancer regions and their association with phenotype severity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Orton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib17","article-title":"Gene-Based tests of a Genome-Wide association study dataset highlight novel multiple sclerosis risk genes","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt267","article-title":"Blood RNA profiling in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls","volume":"22","author":"Nickles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(92)90455-R","article-title":"The effects of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) on testosterone transport into the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"42","author":"Hobbs","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.917884","article-title":"Neu1 is released from activated microglia, stimulating microglial phagocytosis and sensitizing neurons to glutamate","volume":"16","author":"Allendorf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macrophages and cathepsin A activity in multiple sclerosis brain. J Neurol Sci. 1974;21(2):227-231.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(74)90074-4"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23980","article-title":"Activated microglia drive demyelination via CSF1R signaling","volume":"69","author":"Marzan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.004","article-title":"Single-Cell RNA sequencing of microglia throughout the mouse lifespan and in the injured brain reveals complex Cell-State changes","volume":"50","author":"Hammond","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18339","article-title":"Time-resolved single-cell RNAseq profiling identifies a novel Fabp5(+) subpopulation of inflammatory myeloid cells with delayed cytotoxic profile in chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Hamel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2021.04.012","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: doubling down on MHC","volume":"37","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46068-3","article-title":"Profiling of microglia nodules in multiple sclerosis reveals propensity for lesion formation","volume":"15","author":"van den Bosch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-024-00618-y","article-title":"Sex- and species-specific contribution of CD99 to t cell costimulation during multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Winschel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Sex. Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103582","article-title":"A novel fatty acid-binding protein 5 and 7 inhibitor ameliorates oligodendrocyte injury in multiple sclerosis mouse models","volume":"72","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03084-7","article-title":"CSF1R signaling is a regulator of pathogenesis in progressive MS","volume":"11","author":"Hagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soler-S\u00e1ez P., G\u00f3mez-Caba\u00f1es, B., Grillo-Risco, R., Galiana-Rosell\u00f3, C., Barea-Moya, L., Carceller, H., de la Iglesia-Vay\u00e1, M., Gil-Perotin, S., Vanja Tepav\u010devi\u0107, V.T., Hidalgo, M.R., Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, F. Single cell landscape of sex differences in the progression of multiple sclerosis. bioRxiv. 2024.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.15.599139"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0548-1","article-title":"Apolipoprotein C3 induces inflammation and organ damage by alternative inflammasome activation","volume":"21","author":"Zewinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2716-5","article-title":"Metabolic and psychiatric effects of acyl coenzyme a binding protein (ACBP)\/diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI)","volume":"11","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01229.x","article-title":"Cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors cystatins: expression and modulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Haves-Zburof","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib34","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of two novel biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1376838","article-title":"Iron metabolism disorder and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib36","article-title":"The diagnostic journey for patients with late-onset GM2 gangliosidoses","volume":"37","author":"Lopshire","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Genet Metab. Rep."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.145445","article-title":"Iduronate-2-sulfatase transport vehicle rescues behavioral and skeletal phenotypes in a mouse model of hunter syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Arguello","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020105537","article-title":"Netrin-1 and its receptor DCC modulate survival and death of dopamine neurons and parkinson's disease features","volume":"40","author":"Jasmin","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"689","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf0141","article-title":"The neuronal pentraxin Nptx2 regulates complement activity and restrains microglia-mediated synapse loss in neurodegeneration","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib40","article-title":"Developmental control of noradrenergic system by SLITRK1 and its implications in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"15","author":"Hatayama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1386924","article-title":"Slitrk4 is required for the development of inhibitory neurons in the fear memory circuit of the lateral amygdala","volume":"17","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43820-z","article-title":"SEMA6A drives GnRH neuron-dependent puberty onset by tuning median eminence vascular permeability","volume":"14","author":"Lettieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312112111","article-title":"Modulation of synaptic function through the alpha-neurexin-specific ligand neurexophilin-1","volume":"111","author":"Born","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21220","article-title":"Downregulation of macrophage inhibitory molecules in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"62","author":"Koning","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008721108","article-title":"Neuropilin-1 attenuates autoreactivity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"108","author":"Solomon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.12.036","article-title":"Endothelium-derived semaphorin 3G regulates hippocampal synaptic structure and plasticity via Neuropilin-2\/PlexinA4","volume":"101","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.856315","article-title":"Leucine-Rich repeats and transmembrane domain 2 controls protein sorting in the striatal projection system and its deficiency causes disturbances in motor responses and monoamine dynamics","volume":"15","author":"Ichise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.868448","article-title":"Exploring sex-related differences in microglia may be a game-changer in precision medicine","volume":"14","author":"Lynch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."}],"container-title":["IBRO Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667242125001368?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667242125001368?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T22:00:15Z","timestamp":1772920815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667242125001368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S2667242125001368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-2421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-2421","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from females with multiple sclerosis highlights elevated microglial function and impaired neurogenesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2025.08.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Brain Research Organization.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}